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Thigh - Anterior Compartment Anatomy contains many muscles and important Triangle the Femoral triangle. This slide gives you a diagramatic representation of the Ant.Compt and also Apllied anatomy facilitating Integrated Teaching.
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Dr.Murali.M.S;M.B.AProf. of Surgery
D Y Patil Medical CollegeMauritius.
The thigh is the area between the pelvis and the knee.
The single bone in the thigh (femur).
Surface features of the Thigh
◦ Sartorius muscle◦ Quadriceps femoris
muscle◦ Adductor longus
muscle◦Femoral triangle
Thigh is divided to 3 groups of muscles called compartments.
Anterior compartment
Medial compartment Posterior
compartment
These three compartments are separated by fascia.
Fascia Lata
Anterior compartment
Medial (adductor) compartment
Posterior compartment
anterior compartment
posterior compartment
medial compartment
Fascial septa divide limb into compartaments
The anterior compartment muscles of the thigh flex the femur at the hip and extend the leg at the knee.
The posterior compartment muscles of the thigh extend the thigh and flex the leg.
The medial compartment muscles all adduct the thigh & medially rotates the thigh.
The anterior compartment of the thigh is homologous to the posterior compartment of the arm.
The posterior compartment of the thigh is homologous to the anterior compartment of the arm.
Thigh innervations:Anterior compartment from femoral
nerve L2,3,4.Medial compartment from obturator
nerve L2,3,4.Posterior compartment from sciatic
nerve L4,5,S1,2,3 (sacral plexus).
femurmedial lateral
Anterior compartment-
Extensors of the knee
Femoral Nerve
Medial compartment-
Adductors of the knee
Obturator Nerve
Posterior compartment-
Flexors of the knee
Sciatic Nerve
Thigh innervations
The outer layer of deep fascia in the lower limb forms a thick 'stocking-like' membrane, which covers the limb and lies beneath the superficial fascia.This deep fascia is particularly thick in the thigh and gluteal region and is termed the Fascia lata.
Anterior wall formed by transversalis fascia
Posterior by fascia iliaca
Three compartments Medial / Middle &
Lateral
Medial, short, is the femoral canal, contains lymph gland
Opens into abdomen via femoral ring - site of femoral hernia
Middle compartment contains femoral vein
Lateral, femoral artery and femoral branch of genito-femoral nerve
Femoral nerve is outside the sheath
Femoral Triangle:
Borders:
Superior: Inguinal Ligament
Medially: Adductor Longus
Laterally: Sartorius Muscle
Femoral Triangle:
Floor:
Iliopsoas muscle.Pectineus muscle.Adductor longus muscle.
Roof :Fascia Lata
Femoral Triangle:
Contents (medial to lateral): { VAN }
Femoral VeinFemoral ArteryFemoral NerveLymphatics
The base - is the inguinal ligament
The apex points inferiorly and is continuous with a fascial canal (adductor canal ). It descends medially down the thigh & posteriorly through an aperture in the lower end of one of the largest of the adductor muscles in the thigh (the adductor magnus muscle) to open into the popliteal fossa behind the knee
Adductor Canal:
Borders:
Lateral:Vastus medialis
muscle.
Posterior:Adductor longus
/magnus
Anteromedial:Sartorius muscle.
Adductor Canal:
Contents:
Saphenous nerve:Termination of
femoral nerve.
Nerve to vastus medialis.
Terminal parts of femoral artery and vein.
Deep lymph vessels.
External iliac becomes…….
◦ Femoral Once passes the inguinal
ligament Lower limb Branches into Deep femoral
Adductors, hamstrings, quadriceps Branches into Medial/lateral
femoral circumflex Head and neck of femur
Femoral becomes……◦ Popliteal (continuation of
femoral)
Blood Supply:Femoral Artery:
Superficial circumflex iliac.
Superficial epigastric.Superficial external
pudendal.Deep external
pudendal.Descending
genicular.Deep femoral
(profunda femoris)Lateral femoral
circumflex.Medial femoral
circumflex.
Deep Veins: Mostly share names of arteries◦ Ultimately empty into Inferior
Vena Cava Plantar Tibial Fibular Popliteal Femoral External/internal iliac Common iliac
Superficial Veins ◦ Dorsal venous arch (foot)◦ Great saphenous (empties into
femoral)◦ Small saphenous (empties into
popliteal)
Innervation:Femoral
Nerve Action:Hip flexion.Knee extension.
Muscles:
Iliopsoas. Sartorius. Quadriceps:
Rectus femoris.Vastus lateralis.Vastus
intermedius.Vastus medialis
Iliopsoas◦ Origin - Ilia,
sacrum, lumbar vertebrae
◦ Insertion – lesser trochanter
◦Action – flexor of thigh
◦ Innervation – femoral nerve
Sartorius• Origin: Anterior
superior iliac spine• Insertion: Medial side
of superior tibia,via pes anserinus
• Action: flex thigh at hip & flex leg at knee
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
Quadriceps femoris :
Rectus Femoris• Origin: Anterior
inferior iliac spine• Insertion: Tibial
tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
• Action: Flex thigh at hip & extend leg at knee
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
Quadriceps femoris :Vastus Medialis• Origin: Intertrochanteric
line• Insertion: Tibial
tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
• Action: Extend leg at knee
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
Quadriceps femoris :Vastus Lateralis
• Origin: Greater trochanter
• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
• Action: Extend leg at knee
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
Quadriceps femoris :Vastus Intermedius• Origin: Anterolateral
surface of femur shaft• Insertion: Tibial
tuberosity via patellar ligament, part of quadriceps femoris
• Action: Extend leg at knee
• Innervation: Femoral nerve
A femoral hernia is when abd. Contents pass through a naturally occurring weakness called the femoral canal
One of the most common methods to gain central venous access in emergent situations is via femoral vein cannulation.
Emergency venous access during CPR
knee-jerk reflex, also called patellar reflex sudden kicking movement of the lower leg in response to a sharp tap on the patellar tendon, which lies just below the kneecap
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