The Role of Information Communication Technology & Geoinformatics in Vector Control in Nigeria

THE ROLE OF ICT & GEOINFORMATICS IN VECTOR SURVEILLANCE

AND CONTROL IN NIGERIA.

Presented by

ANUMBA JOSEPH UCHE Scientific Officer (Entomology)

Federal Ministry of Health, National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre-

Enugu, Nigeria.

• To understand the concept of Integrated Vector Management in terms of Surveillance and Control.

• To understand the components of Information communication technologies (ICT) and Geoinformatics.

• Garner knowledge on how to apply/integrate ICT and Geoinformatics in Vector Management.

Ask Your Self…

What is Integrated Vector Management (IVM)?

What does IVM entail?

As an IVM officer, what are the required tools and skills?

Why do we need these skills?

IVM is a rational decision-making process for the

optimal use of resources for vector control.

The approach seeks to improve the efficacy, cost-

effectiveness, ecological soundness and

sustainability of disease-vector control.

The ultimate goal is to prevent the transmission of

vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue,

Japanese encephalitis, leishmaniasis,

schistosomiasis and Chagas disease.

Driving forces behind a growing interest in

IVM include the need to overcome

challenges experienced with conventional

single-intervention approaches to vector

control as well as recent opportunities for

promoting multi-sectoral approaches to

human health.

Advocacy, social mobilization, regulatory control for

public health and empowerment of communities. Collaboration within the health sector and with other

sectors through the optimal use of resources, planning, monitoring and decision-making.

Integration of non-chemical and chemical vector

control methods, and integration with other disease control measures.

Evidence-based decision making guided by

operational research and entomological and epidemiological surveillance and evaluation.

Development of adequate human resources, training and career structures at national and local level to promote capacity building and manage IVM programmes;

SURVEILLANCE

VECTORS

CONTROL

In any vector based disease, the most important process in controlling it is monitoring the vector population (Surveillance). This surveillance is important to prioritize the area for treatment and vector control measures.

• Detect Outbreak to initiate timely & effective control

Disease Transmission

Status

• Prioritize the area (Temporal & Geographic distribution) for treatment and vector/disease control measures.

Prioritization • Monitor the

impact of control interventions

Disease Control

Sustainability

HBC-Human Bait Collection

PKC- Pyrethriod Knockdown Collection

Ovitrap

Larval Sampling -Dipping

Mosquitoes

Mosquito surveillance is trapping mosquitoes in a way

that they can be systematically evaluated and/or tested for disease.

Vector Surveillance

&

Laboratory Analysis

•Contemporary Vector Surveillance tools & Control Activities

•Basic Entomological Techniques

•Specimen diagnosis & Analysis

Information Communicati

on Technology

(ICT)

•Data Generation of Vector Surveillance activities

•Data Storage & Analysis

• Information communication / transmission

Geo informatics [Decision Support System]

•Entomological & Epidemiological Monitoring (spatial & geographical distribution)

•Simulation of Vector control activities

•Develop Vector Management Strategies & Decision support systems

Data Activities, projects, research.

People

Hardware PCs, input & output devices, smart phones, tabs.

Software

Procedures

Feedback, reporting, implementation, maintenance.

Information

Individuals, organizations, Institutions.

Mobile Apps, statistical analysis, database .

Internet, Cloud computing, Webinar, Geoinfo.

• raw facts and figures Data

• data is entered by humans (people, organization, institutions etc).

People

• physical components & devices used to aquire, process, store.

Hardware:

• the name given to computer programs usually installed I most hardware.

Software

• data that is converted to give it a meaning. Information:

• a series of actions conducted in a certain order to make sure the system runs smoothly.

Procedures:

Cloud computing, or something within the cloud, is an expression used to describe a variety of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers connected through a real-time communication networks.

In IVM, Cloud computing is used as an innovative

concept to mitigate the problem of communication lag in Vector surveillance, monitoring, control, research activities, documentation and data transfer among professionals in across the world.

CLOUD Computing

+ IVM

Activities

Security

Accessible

Affordable

Partnership

Information Syncing

Reliable

Professional

Webinar

• GPS technology allows users to determine exactly where they are on the surface of the earth by triangulating data from a series of satellite that orbit the earth. [using a GPS receiver]

GPS Global Positioning

systems

• …the science and art of obtaining information about an object, area, or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact with the object, area, or phenomenon under investigation.

REMOTE SENSING

• A database is an organized collection of data. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring this information.

DATABASE

• integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analysing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information.

GIS Geographic Information

System

A Geographic Information System (GIS) allows us to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, and charts.

A GIS is an information system designed to work with

data referenced by spatial / geographical coordinates.

In other words, GIS is both a database system with specific capabilities for spatially referenced data as well as a set of operations for working with the data. It may also be considered as a higher order map.

GIS technology integrates common database operations such as query and statistical analysis with the unique visualization and geographic analysis benefits offered by maps.

These abilities distinguish GIS from other information systems and make it valuable to a wide range of public and private enterprises for explaining events, predicting outcomes, and planning strategies.

Planning of Projects

Make Better

Decisions

Visual Analysis

Improve Organizational

Integration

SIMULATION

ON

HOW ICT & GEOINFORMATICS CAN BE

USED IN INTEGRATED VECTOR CONTROL &

MANAGEMENT (Data processing and GIS mapping mosquito species)

. MONTHS OVITRAPS

Mosquitoes

CollectedAlbopictus aegypti Anopheles

TOTAL

SPECIES

JANUARY 20 0 0 2 6 2

FEBRUARY 20 2 2 0 12 2

MARCH 25 9 3 6 15 3

APRIL 52 43 10 19 30 3

MAY 40 80 34 14 50 3

JUNE 35 56 50 13 22 3

Total 192 190 99 54 135

VECTOR SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITY IN XXXX LGA

.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE

Tota

l No

. of

Mo

squ

ito

es

Co

llect

ed

Month of Surveillance

MOSQUITO SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT IN XXX LGA

Albopictus

aegypti

Anopheles

Anopheles spp

Aedes aegypti

Aedes albopictus

KEY

Anopheles spp

Aedes aegypti

Aedes albopictus

KEY

Anopheles spp

Aedes aegypti

Aedes albopictus

KEY

Anopheles spp

Aedes aegypti

Aedes albopictus

KEY

Anopheles spp

Aedes aegypti

Aedes albopictus

KEY

Anopheles spp

Aedes aegypti

Aedes albopictus

KEY

WITH ICT & GEOINFORMATICS, CAN YOU

FORCAST WHAT WILL HAPPEN BY DECEMBER

2013 IF NOTHING IS DONE TO MANAGE &

CONTROL THESE MOSQUITO SPECIES

(In the State simulated in previous slides)

???

APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL

INFORMATION SYSTEMs (GIS) & INFORMATION

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

IN MAPPING MOSQUITOE SPECIES:

The NAVRC’s Approach.

NAVRC is an acronym for National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre. It is an institute established in 1973 and was realised on the joint efforts of the Federal, State and World Health Organisation to continuously provide meanings to interventions in eliminating and subsequent eradication of vector-borne diseases especially malaria in Nigeria. It is situated at the Government Reserved Area (GRA), Enugu and currently has Dr. Chukwuekezie O.C. as the Chief Medical Officer .

Vision: To be one of the leading research centres in the world by 2030. Mission: To be a Centre of Excellence by establishing superior value for all aspects of research on arthropod-borne viruses and vectors; sustaining quests of asking and proffering solutions and adhering to the ethical standards.

To conduct field disease vectors surveillance and control throughout Nigeria.

To study the ecology, bionomics, distribution and seasonal variation of disease vectors especially arbovirus vectors

To identify and incriminate principal arbovirus and other disease vectors in Nigeria.

To train middle level manpower in field and Laboratory Entomology Techniques.

To conduct bioassay on disease vectors.

To screen Nigerian plants to determine their pesticidal properties

Develop online graphic visuals on disease vector activities to assist Vector Control Officers across the geopolitical zones in Nigeria.

Using data generated by the state vector control officers,

NAVRC shall develop Geographic Information System (GIS) based maps with animation (video) to bring surveillance results "to life."

The GIS video & maps in vector-borne disease surveillance

will aid in refining the science of preventing vector-borne disease outbreaks in Nigeria.

Geoinformatics in Disease Vectors Research

• Geoinformatics section shall be responsible to identify whether needed data exists, needs to be collected, or acquired from third parties.

Research Data

Approval

•the required spatial data is delivered from the Geoinformatics Section to the relevant division, in a suitable format and manner

Research Data

Collection

•GIS data is analysed, manipulated, illustrated, plotted and exported. The required spatial analysis is done with the help of the GIS or other tools in Geoinfomatics.

Research Data

Analysis

•maps are produced as part of the analysis results. Reporting is again done with the help of the GIS Center or through utilities provided by the Geoinformatics Centre .

Research Result

Reporting

By providing the tools (ICT & Geoinformatics)

to better understand surveillance results, Integrated Vector Management Officers across Nigeria can optimize their own surveillance programs.

Extension personnel can use the system

for educating the public and potentially save human lives.

The integration of ICT & Geoinformatics in vector surveillance ought to be a fundamental

skill for modern Integrated Vector Management officers across the Globe…

Anumba Joseph Uche http://linkedin.com/in/anumbajoe

Enquiries: National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre, Enugu State- Nigeria. Contact: Anumba Joseph Uche anumbajoe@gmail.com http://linkedin.com/in/anumbajoe 2348032173955