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S.aureus
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Juanita Escobar Martínez
Rodrigo Herrera Caro
III Semestre
PATRÓN DE RESISTENCIA ANTIBIÓTICA -
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
INTRODUCTION
Staphylococcus:
• Bacteria Gram-positive cocci formed in grape-like clusters.
• Facultative anaerobes.
• Resistant to hostile conditions.
• Rapid development.
• Ferments carbohydrates and produce pigments (white • to yellow).
• Catalase positive.
• At least 40 species S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, S. aureus.
• Commensal nostrils, skin and mucous membranes.
INTRODUCTION
S. aureus:
• "Golden staph" or Oro staphira.
• Stationary and non-spore.
• Capsule slime or mucoid (polysaccharid).
• Coagulase positive.
• Pathogen polymorphic mucocutaneous infections, shock toxic syndromes, toxic food-borne infections, nosocomial infections.
INTRODUCTIONProduct Effect
Capsule Inhibits phagocytosis
Coagulase May prevent the progression of leukocytes in the infected area produce
clots in neighboring capillaries
Exfoliatin Separates the layers of the epidermis, causing Scalded skin Syndrome
Hyaluronidase Decomposes hyaluronic acid of tissues and promotes spread of
infection
Leukocidin Destroys leukocytes producing holes in the cytoplasmic membrane
Lipase Descomposes fats hydrolyzing the bond between glycerol and fatty acids
Proteases Degrades collagen and other tissue proteins
INTRODUCTIONProduct Effect
A Protein Binds to the Fc portion of the antibody inhibiting phagocytosis
Septic shock Syndrome Toxin
Causes rash, diarrhea and shock
Clumping factor Binds bacteria to fibrin, fibrinogen and plastic elements
Fibronectin binding protein
Binds bacteria to the acellular tissue substance, epithelium, endothelium, blood
clots, plastic elements to stay.
α, β, γ and δ toxins Dermonecrotic effect
Leukocidin Destroys neutrophils or cause release of their enzymes
Enterotoxins Superantigens. Cause food poisoning if they are ingested
TSST-1 Superantigen. If they are systemic causes toxic shock
INTRODUCTION
MRSA resistance:•Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
•SCCmec mecA, psm-mec, ccrA and ccrB genes.
•Strains, ACME, mecA.
•mecA encodes PBP2a.
•HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA.
•Any strain of S. aureus that has developed resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins and cephalosporins).
OBJECTIVE
“To detect antibiotic resistance pattern,
MRSA, SCCmec types and accessory gene
regulator (agr)
groups among isolates of S. aureus.”
MÉTODOSAislamiento de bacterias :
• Funda
Prueba Fundamento Objetivo Imagen
Catalasa Descomposición del peróxido de hidrógeno
Distinguir de especies de Streptococcus, Enterococcus y Lactococcus.
Coagulasa Reacciona con protrombina fibrinógeno
se convierte en fibrina
Diferenciar de Staphylococcus
coagulasa- negativa
MSA Alta concentración de NaCl, manitol y rojo de
fenol (pH)
Identificar Staphylococcus
coagulasa-positivos
Test Dnasa Agar
Detección de enzimas desoxirribonucleasas.
Diferenciación entre especies de
Staphylococcus
MÉTODOS
Prueba de susceptibilidad antibiótica
• AST Método de Kirby Bauer.
• Fundamento determina la sensibilidad de un agente microbiano frente a un antibiótico o quimioterápico.
• Antibiograma o prueba de susceptibilidad bacteriana frente a drogas específicas.
• Objetivo determinar a cuál de los antibióticos es resistente la bacteria.
• Sensible (S), Intermedio o Moderadamente sensible (I) y Resistente (R).
MÉTODOS
Extracción de DNA genómico
1. Lisis de bacterias Gram-positivas lisostafina.2. Degradación del RNA opcional.3. Precipitación de proteínas ácido acético.4. Precipitación de DNA isopropanol.5. Almacenamiento en TE buffer ácido etilendiaminotetraacético (EDTA).6. Marcación con FISH hibridación fluorescente in situ.
MÉTODOSPCR
• Obtención de muchas copias de una fragmento de DNA particular amplificación de un fragmento de DNA.
• Fundamento propiedad natural de los ADN polimerasas para replicar hebras de ADN ciclos de altas y bajas temperaturas alternadas separar hebras de ADN recién formadas dejar que las hebras de ADN vuelvan a unirse para poder duplicarlas nuevamente.
• Sensibilidad, Especificidad, Eficiencia, Fidelidad.
• Desnaturalización, alineamiento, extensión, elongación final, conservación.
SCCmec III
325 pb
280pb94,2%
SCCmec V
5,8%
RESULTADOS
RESULTADOS
Tetraciclina Eritromicina
ClindamicinaTrimetoprim
Gentamicina
Ciprofloxacina
Amoxicilina
RESULTADOS
Author Conclusion Yes or not
Shittu All of the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid.
YES
Sharma All clinical isolates were susceptible to vancomycin YES
Japoni 74.3% of isolates in south of Iran were SCCmec type III
YES
Ho 91.6% of clinical isolates belonged to arg group I YES
DISCUSSION
• Staphylococcus aureus has particular ways of manifestations and resistances that could complicate a infection´s treatment.
• Strain type is determinant in the expression of resistant genes that are a challenge when a treatment will be developed.
CONCLUSIONS
• Although there are two antibiotics which can treat the infection by S. aureus could cause a resistance because of chronic use.
• The knowledge of the kind of Strain that cause the infection is important to guide a treatment plan, avoiding the use of ineffective antibiotics.
CONCLUSIONS
• COSSART, Pascale; BOQUET, Patrice; NORMARK, Staffan; RAPPUOLI, Rino. Cellular Microbiology. 2nd edition. ASM Press. Washington, DC. 2005. Pags 22-
23.
• NESTER, Eugene; ANDERSON, Denise; ROBERTS, C. Evans Jr; NESTER, Martha. Microbiología humana. 5ta edición (traducción). Manual Moderno. México. 2007. Pags 317-318, 562-563, 582-585, 613-614, 912-913.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
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