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OSTEOPOROSIS
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
• FRAGILITY FRACTURES.• COMPRESSION
FRACTURE.• RADICULOPATHIC PAIN.• SPINAL CORD
COMPRESSION OR CAUDA EQUINA SYNDROME.
STOOPED POSTUREKYPHOSIS
• INCREASED RISK FOR FALLING ASSOCIATED WITH AGING.
• IMPAIRED BREATHING.
DIAGNOSIS
MANAGEMENT
1. LIFE STYLE CHANGES• Dietary intake of adequate calcium and vit. D.• Weight bearing.• Harmone replacement therapy.• Cigarette and alcohol cessation.• Protein supplementation.• Exposure to sunlight.
2. EXERCISE
3. MEDICATIONS
• ANTIRESORPTIVE AGENTSBisphosphonatesEstrogen analogsRaloxifeneCalcitonin
• BONE ANABOLIC AGENTSFluoridesTeripartideVitamin D supplementCalcium Salts
OSTEOMALACIA
PATHOPHYSIOLOGYINADEQUATE Ca++ & VIT D IN DIET
INCREASED URINARY
EXCRETION OF Ca++
LOSS OF Ca++ & PHOSPHOROUS
DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
INADEQUATE CONCENTRATION OF CALCIUM OR PHOSPHORUS IN THE BODY
DECALCIFICATION OF THE BONES
SOFTENING OF THE BONES
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• DECREASED SERUM CALCIUM LEVEL.• DECREASED SERUM POTASSIUM LEVEL.• INCREASED SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
LEVEL.• DECREASED URINARY CALCIUM.• X-RAY: PSEUDO-FRACTURES (MILKMAN’S
SYNDROME).• BONE BIOPSY: DEMONSTRATE AN EXCESS OF
OSTEOID.
THANK YOU
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