Nursing philosophies

NURSING PHILOSOPHIES

Presented By ANEEZ. K

1st Year Msc NursingEMS College Of Nursing

NURSING PHILOSOPHIES1.PERENNIALISM Oldest and conservative Rooted in realism Relies on the pastPerennialism and curriculum• Subject centered• Liberal education• Only one common curriculumPerennialism and educationRobert Hutchins: To Improve Man.

Perennialism and Aims of Education•To develop the rational person and to uncover universal truths by carefully training the intellect.• Character training is also important.Perennialism and Teacher Teacher is viewed as: •An authority in the field whose knowledge is unquestionable. •A master of the subject and discipline and must be able to guide discussion. Perennialism and Method of Teaching. Socratic Method: oral exposition, lecture and explication.

2. ESSENTIALISM

Rooted in both idealism and realism.

Surfaced in 1930s and developed into a major position during Cold war and Sputnik era of the 1950s and early 1960s.

 formulated by William Bagley and later

developed by Arthur Bestor and Admiral Hyman Rickover.

Believe that there is a common core of knowledge that needs to be transmitted to students in a systematic and disciplined way.

Essentialism and CurriculumNot rooted in the past Reject subjects such as art, music,

physical educationConcerned with facts and knowledge.All students offered the some common

curriculum.Essentialism and Aims of Education To promote the intellectual growth of the

individual.To educate the competent person.

Essentialism and Discipline Tough disciplineHome work and serious studies permeate

the curriculum.Essentialism and TeacherThe teacher is considered as: Master of a particular subject and a model

worthy of emulation. An authority because of the knowledge

and high standards he or she holds. A person who holds control over the

classroom with minimal student input.

3.EXISTENTIALISM• European philosophy• Popular after world war 2nd

• Exponents: Maxine Greene, George Keller, Van Cleve Morris

• Principle: existence precedes essence• No inborn human nature• Centre of existence is man rather than truths,

laws• Man is the maker & master of the culture• Man imposes a meaning on his or her universe.• We are born and exist & then we ourselves freelydetermines our essence.

Existentialism and Curriculum The curriculum would avoid systematic

knowledge on structured disciplines students are free to select from many

available learning situations. The learners choose the knowledge they

wish to possess.Existentialism and Education choices that each person has to make and

that education is a process of developing consciousness about the freedom to choose and the meaning of and responsibility for one's choices.

Existentialism and Teacher Teacher cultivates personal choice and

individual self-definition.

Existentialism and Methods of Teaching Self-expressive activities Experimentation Methods and media that illustrate

emotions, feeling and insights

4.RECONSTRUCTIONISMbased on early socialistic and utopian ideas of

the 19th century. It is society-centered philosophy.Exponents: Theodore Brameld is often

considered the originator of the term reconstructionism in 1950.

Concept: crisis philosophy appropriate for a society in crisis

Reconstructionism and EducationThe reconstructionists seek a curriculum that

emphasizes cultural pluralism, equality and futurism.

Reconstructionism and education :Critically examines the cultural heritage of

a society as well as entire civilization. Is not afraid to examine controversial

issues. Is deliberately committed to bring about

social and constructive change. Cultivate a future planning attitude that

considers the realities of the world. Enlists students and teachers in a definite

program to enhance cultural renewal and interculturalism.

Reconstructionism and Curriculumcurriculum should coincide with a new

socio-economic- political education. analysis, interpretation and evaluation of

problems are insufficient; commitment and action by students and teachers are needed.

Society is always changing and they emphasize the curriculum should also be changing in accordance to it.

Reconstructionism and Aims of Education

Strengthen control of the schools

Reconstructionism and Teacher

Teachers should measure up to their social responsibilities.

Brameld remarked: students and teachers must only take positions; they must also become change agents to improve society.

5.PROGRESSIVISMdeveloped from pragmatic philosophyConcept of progressivism contemporary reform movement in

educational, social, and political affairs. Dewey viewed the school as a miniature

democratic society in which students could learn and practice the skills and tools necessary for democratic living.

Progressivism and Educationthe skills and tools of learning include

problem solving methods and scientific inquiry.

Learning experiences include cooperative behaviours and self-discipline

schools can transmit the culture of society while it prepares students in the changing world.

This philosophy places emphasis on how to think and nor what to think.

Progressive education focused on the child as the learner rather than on subject, emphasized activities and experiences rather than verbal and literary skills and encouraged cooperative group learning activities rather than competitive individualized lesson planning.

Progressivism and Aim of Education: To promote democratic social living.

Progressivism and Curriculum The curriculum is interdisciplinary in

nature. Books and subject matter were part of

the learning process rather than sources of ultimate knowledge.

Curriculum is based on student's interests, involves the application of human problems and affairs.

1.  Basavanthappa B.T. Nursing Education. 2ND edition. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (p) Ltd; 2009. PAGE NO:126-154

2. Neeraja K P. Textbook Of Communication And Education Technology For Nurses.1ST edition. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd; 2011. PAGE NO: 25-44

3. Sankaranarayanan B. Learning & Teaching Nursing. Calicut: Brain fill Publications;2003 PAGE NO: 24-44

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR TEACHER

4.OnlineLibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)

1467-9752

BIBLIGRAPHY FOR STUDENTS

1. Pramilaa R. Nursing communication and educational technology. 1st edition. New Delhi: Jaypee brothers medical publishers (p) Ltd; 2010. PAGE NO: 142-156

2. En.wikipedia.org/wiki/philosophy of education