Miscarriage

MISCARRIAGE

Zaryab Ghauri (Final Year MBBS Batch-E)

SPONTANEOUS MISCARRIAGE

DEFINITIONMiscarriage is a pregnancy that ends spontaneously before the fetus has reached a viable gestational age.

Spontaneous loss of pregnancy at or before 24weeks gestation

TERMINOLOGY

RISK OF MISCARRIAGE First Trimester MiscarriageChromosomal AbnormalitiesMaternal DiseaseDrugsUterine AbnormalitiesInfection

Second Trimester MiscarriageCervical InjuryInfectionThrombophiliaUterine AbnormalitiesChromosomal Abnormality

Maternal Age

DIAGNOSISHistory TakingLMPSymptomsPast Obstetric/Gynaecology HistoryPast Medical HistoryMedication

ExaminationGeneral ExaminationAbdominal PalpationVaginal Examination

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS Ultrasound

Intrauterine Pregnancy (Threatened, Inevitable Miscarriage)

Retained products of conception (Incomplete Miscarriage)

No retained products of conception (Complete Miscarriage)

Fetal pole present, but no fetal heartbeat identified. Gestational sac present (diameter >20mm) but no fetal pole identified (Missed Miscarriage)

MANAGEMENTType Of miscarriageGestation

Expectant ManagementSurgical ManagementMedical Management

THANK YOU

Reference: Gynecology By Ten Teachers (19th Edition) Dewhurst's Textbook of Obstetrics 'n' Gynecology