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Youth GangsYouth Gangs Improving Outcomes for Young Improving Outcomes for Young People in Counties ManukauPeople in Counties Manukau
Carl Crafar – National Manager Youth Gangs
22
AgendaAgenda
What happened?What happened?
What did we do? What did we do?
Where are we at now?Where are we at now?
Where to from here?Where to from here?
Questions and Questions and Discussion Discussion
33
What happened…What happened…
Multiple homicidesMultiple homicides
Assaults - Individual and groupsAssaults - Individual and groups
Anti Social BehaviourAnti Social Behaviour
Rape, aggravated robbery and drug-related crimes.Rape, aggravated robbery and drug-related crimes.
44
What happened …What happened …Situation extremely complex/constantly shiftingSituation extremely complex/constantly shifting
Alcohol and drugs strong aggravating factorAlcohol and drugs strong aggravating factor
Violence often extreme/random - odd pre-determined Violence often extreme/random - odd pre-determined fightfight
Innocent members of public sometimes attacked for Innocent members of public sometimes attacked for gangs amusement.gangs amusement.
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What did we do…ResearchWhat did we do…Research
Community based participantsCommunity based participantsSocial Service agencies, school principals, community Social Service agencies, school principals, community representativesrepresentatives
Auckland Government Agency staffAuckland Government Agency staffPolice, Ministry of Education, Child, Youth and FamilyPolice, Ministry of Education, Child, Youth and Family
Youth Gang MembersYouth Gang Members Current and formerCurrent and former
Non Gang Youth. Non Gang Youth.
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What did we do…ResearchWhat did we do…Research What is a Youth Gang?What is a Youth Gang?
Youth – Youth – person aged between 10 and 23 yearsperson aged between 10 and 23 years
A gang ……..A gang ……..
““A group of youths, often from disadvantaged backgrounds, A group of youths, often from disadvantaged backgrounds, with a loose structure, a common identifier (colours, a with a loose structure, a common identifier (colours, a
name, hand signals etc), whose activities are not name, hand signals etc), whose activities are not primarily criminal but involve (mostly) petty crimes, and primarily criminal but involve (mostly) petty crimes, and
who see themselves as a gang and are identified as who see themselves as a gang and are identified as such by others in the community (Gilbert, in such by others in the community (Gilbert, in
preparation).”preparation).”
77
Maori and Pacific Gangs Expand and gain
Notoriety as they arePerceived to be
Increasingly violent
Maori and Pacific Gangs Expand and gain
Notoriety as they arePerceived to be
Increasingly violent
1970s
Rebellious teen Behaviour –
Rock ‘n’ roll, alcoholand sexual activity
Rebellious teen Behaviour –
Rock ‘n’ roll, alcoholand sexual activity
1950s
American-based HellsAngels gang influencesGang development in
New ZealandGang consists of Pakeha
American-based HellsAngels gang influencesGang development in
New ZealandGang consists of Pakeha
1960s 1980s
Gang membership Becomes more long-term
And gangs are composed of adults rather than
youth
Gang membership Becomes more long-term
And gangs are composed of adults rather than
youth
Gangs tend to moveFrom territorially
Based groups to more Highly organised gangs
Gangs tend to moveFrom territorially
Based groups to more Highly organised gangs
1990s
What did we do…ResearchWhat did we do…ResearchHistory of Youth GangsHistory of Youth Gangs
Youth Gangs identified in New Zealand in 1950s
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What did we do…Research What did we do…Research ClassificationsClassifications
Wannabes (Not a Youth Gang) Wannabes (Not a Youth Gang) Highly informalHighly informalTerritorial Gang – More Territorial Gang – More organisedorganisedUnaffiliated Criminal Youth Unaffiliated Criminal Youth Gang – Members are not under Gang – Members are not under an adult gangan adult gangAffiliated Criminal Youth Gang Affiliated Criminal Youth Gang – is defined by a relationship to – is defined by a relationship to an adult gang.an adult gang.
*Numbers difficult to identify due to the *Numbers difficult to identify due to the varying definitions used for “youth gang”varying definitions used for “youth gang”
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What did we do… ResearchWhat did we do… ResearchExample of Gang HierarchyExample of Gang Hierarchy
BPBlack Power
JBPJunior Black Power
JCBJuvenile Cripsta Boys
17-21 year olds
TNSThugs Not Soldiers
15-17 year olds
RYTRuthless Young Thugs
14-17 year olds
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What did we do… ResearchWhat did we do… ResearchDemographicDemographic
Young age structureYoung age structure
High proportion of Mäori and Pacific peoplesHigh proportion of Mäori and Pacific peoples
Areas of high economic deprivationAreas of high economic deprivation
Urban design and community capability Urban design and community capability
Recreation facilities.Recreation facilities.
1111
What did we do…ResearchWhat did we do…ResearchWhy do youth join gangs?Why do youth join gangs?
Family/whänau Family/whänau
- Parental disengagement- Parental disengagement
- Stressors arising from financial commitments- Stressors arising from financial commitments- Lack of engagement with servicesLack of engagement with services- Parenting skills/role models.Parenting skills/role models.
1212
What did we do… Research What did we do… Research Why do youth join gangs?Why do youth join gangs?
PeersPeers
- Provision of a proxy family Provision of a proxy family unitunit
- Financial and material gainFinancial and material gain- Alleviate boredomAlleviate boredom- StatusStatus- ProtectionProtection- Adult gang Adult gang
recruitment/prospecting.recruitment/prospecting.
1313
What did we do… ResearchWhat did we do… ResearchWhy do youth join gangs?Why do youth join gangs?
American “Gangsta”, Hip-Hop, Rap American “Gangsta”, Hip-Hop, Rap culture features very stronglyculture features very strongly Coolio (Corner Pocket Crips)Coolio (Corner Pocket Crips)Snoop Dogg (Rollin 20’ Cripps)Snoop Dogg (Rollin 20’ Cripps)Nate Dogg (Rollin 20’s Cripps) Nate Dogg (Rollin 20’s Cripps) Warren G (Rollin 20’s Cripps)Warren G (Rollin 20’s Cripps)Ice T (Rollin 30’s)Ice T (Rollin 30’s)Ice Cube (Rollin 60’s Neighbourhood Ice Cube (Rollin 60’s Neighbourhood Cripps)Cripps)
New Zealand style developing.New Zealand style developing.
1414
What did we do… Research What did we do… Research
Recruitment TechniquesRecruitment Techniques
Intimidation, threats, fear, Intimidation, threats, fear, protectionprotection
Peer pressurePeer pressure
Sex, drugs, alcohol, Sex, drugs, alcohol, prostitution.prostitution.
1515
What did we do…What did we do…Established Management ForumsEstablished Management Forums
Chief Executives’ ForumChief Executives’ Forum
- Ministries of Social Development, Justice, Education, Health and PoliceMinistries of Social Development, Justice, Education, Health and Police
Auckland Youth Support NetworkAuckland Youth Support Network
- Initially: MSD, Police, Ministries of Justice, Education, Counties Manukau Initially: MSD, Police, Ministries of Justice, Education, Counties Manukau
District Health Board, Te Puni KDistrict Health Board, Te Puni Köökiri, Ministry of Pacific Island Affairs.kiri, Ministry of Pacific Island Affairs.
- - Added:Added: Housing New Zealand, Auckland and Manukau City Councils.Housing New Zealand, Auckland and Manukau City Councils.
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What did we do …What did we do …Action PlanAction Plan
Action plan methodology Action plan methodology
Crisis – covers young people picked up by Police Crisis – covers young people picked up by Police outside of normal business hoursoutside of normal business hours
- Three Police Youth Action teams – Tolerance and Three Police Youth Action teams – Tolerance and visibility visibility
- Three reception centres - short-term placements.- Three reception centres - short-term placements.
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What did we do … What did we do … Action PlanAction Plan
Intervention – high risk recidivist youth Intervention – high risk recidivist youth offendersoffenders
– Youth Offending Team Coordinator for three teamsYouth Offending Team Coordinator for three teams
– Six Integrated Case Managers to deal with 150 casesSix Integrated Case Managers to deal with 150 cases
– Maori wardens patrolling hotspotsMaori wardens patrolling hotspots
– Pasifika wardens undertaking community patrols.Pasifika wardens undertaking community patrols.– NZ Police Alcohol Action PlanNZ Police Alcohol Action Plan– Evaluation of drug and alcohol services.Evaluation of drug and alcohol services.
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What did we do … What did we do … Action PlanAction Plan
Prevention – Children, young people and their Prevention – Children, young people and their families who are at risk of poor outcomesfamilies who are at risk of poor outcomes
– Improved reporting and management of truancy - new Improved reporting and management of truancy - new electronic enrolment systemelectronic enrolment system
– Expansion of student engagement initiative to further Expansion of student engagement initiative to further three schools (total will be seven)three schools (total will be seven)
– Expand the availability of Youth Transition Services to Expand the availability of Youth Transition Services to Mt. Roskill, Mt. Albert and AvondaleMt. Roskill, Mt. Albert and Avondale
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What did we do … What did we do … Action PlanAction Plan
Prevention – Children, young people and their Prevention – Children, young people and their families who are at risk of poor outcomesfamilies who are at risk of poor outcomes
– Police officers in 10 secondary schoolsPolice officers in 10 secondary schools
– 22 youth workers contracted 22 youth workers contracted
– Canvass young people on what they needCanvass young people on what they need
– Parenting programmes.Parenting programmes.
2020
What did we do… What did we do… Action PlanAction Plan
Prevention – Children, young people and their Prevention – Children, young people and their families who are at risk of poor outcomesfamilies who are at risk of poor outcomes
– Family Start - extended to Papakura and MangereFamily Start - extended to Papakura and Mangere
– Social Workers in Schools evaluated and extended to Social Workers in Schools evaluated and extended to another four schoolsanother four schools
– 10,000 Year Nine students have had a social and 10,000 Year Nine students have had a social and health assessment.health assessment.
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Where Where are we at now… we at now…Communication strategy developed :Communication strategy developed :– Bi-monthly newsletter / Web pageBi-monthly newsletter / Web page– Manukau Matters / Manukau Matters / Agency publicationsAgency publications– Stakeholder / media managementStakeholder / media management
Multi Agency Social Services in Secondary SchoolsMulti Agency Social Services in Secondary Schools
Development of a databaseDevelopment of a database
Work and Income processWork and Income process
Re-defining police list – more targetedRe-defining police list – more targeted
Evaluation – end of 2007.Evaluation – end of 2007.
2222
Where are we at now…Where are we at now…Issues still existIssues still exist
Two main “groups”: Crips (Blue) and Bloods (Red) Two main “groups”: Crips (Blue) and Bloods (Red)
““Crip Family” umbrella, generally get alongCrip Family” umbrella, generally get along
The Bloods - little less organised - starting to see a “Red The Bloods - little less organised - starting to see a “Red Army” arrangementArmy” arrangement
Longevity - members hard core criminalsLongevity - members hard core criminals
Kids being kidsKids being kids
Stereotyping – Media Stereotyping – Media
Copycat behaviour.Copycat behaviour.
2323
Flag - left, left side of trousers rolled up, left shoe untied, hat sideways - left, rings, watches - left, laces missing on left, one glove - left
Hand signals with left hand
Will not use letter B
Will avoid words that have CK (Crip Killer)
Refer to Bloods as Slobs
Wear sports clothing with affiliation to letter CHave been seen wearing BK Shoes (BK=Blood Killa).
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Opposite of Crips everything is on right side
Flag carried on right side, shoe is untied right side, hat to right, single glove right, trousers rolled up right side
Wear red
Will not use the letter C. Will replace with the number 3. C=3rd letter in alphabet
The first blood gang called PIRU in Central LA any reference to this indicates awareness
Refer to crips as crabs.
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Where to from here…Where to from here…
Framework for dealing with Youth gangs nationallyFramework for dealing with Youth gangs nationally
IdentificationIdentification
GovernanceGovernance
Best Practice ModelBest Practice Model
Communication Strategy. Communication Strategy.
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Questions and discussionQuestions and discussion
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