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HematologyDr. Akaber Tarek
Biochemistry Department
ESRErythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ”ESR”: Is the distance in mm that RBCS sediment . The sedimentation rate is taken after 1h&2hrs. The apparatus used is “Westergreen tube" with
length in mm exactly 200mm. Procedures:- Add exactly 2 ml of fresh blood to tube contain 0.5
ml of 3.8%sod.citrate& mix well.- Fill Westergreen tube to mark zero, put in rack
record the time.- Take the reading of distance after 1&2 hrs.
CBC (Complete Blood Count)
CBC describe Hb%, all formed elements count, blood indices & WBCS differential.
Hb: -Take the blood on EDTA& mix well. - Add 10µl of plasma to 2.5ml of Drabkin‘s
reagent &mix well. - Stand for 5 min, then read the absorbance
at 546nm against blank.
Hb% = abs. × 36.77 (g/l)
Blood countThe cell of count is” homocytometer”.
1) WBCS count = اركان اربع عد 50× مجموع
2) RBCS count = مربعات خمس عد مجموع
×1000
3) PLT count = مربعات خمس عد مجموع
RBCS count =Hb(%) ÷ 3
Blood indices
1) MCV(FL) = HCT /RBCS × 10
2) MCH (PG) = Hb /RBCS × 10
3) MCHC (g/dl)= Hb /HCT ×100
4) HCT (%) = Hb × 3
AnemiaDefinition:Anemia is a fall in quantity of RBCS @/or
Hb in unit volume of blood in presence of low or normal total blood volume.
Classification of Anemia
There are different bases for classifications:A) Morphological classificationThe size of
RBCS(macrocytic,normocytic,microcytic)The mean of Hb
content(normochromic,hypochromic,hyperchromic).
B) Aeticologic classification of anemia
Anemia Anemia ClassesClasses
NormocyticNormocytic NormochromicNormochromic
MicocyticMicocyticHypochromicHypochromic
Macrocytic Macrocytic NormochromicNormochromic
Normocytic Normochromic Anemia
Hb decrease.RBCS decrease.HCT% decrease.MCV ,MCH,MCHC are normal.Examples:
Hemorrhagic Anemia.
Hemolytic Anemia.
A plastic Anemia.
Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia
Hb decrease .RBCS normal or small size.HCT% slightly decrease.MCV,MCH,MCHC are decreased.Examples:
Iron deficiency anemia.
Thalassaemia.
Lead poisoning.
Macrocytic Normochromic Anemia
Hb decrease. RBCS decrease. HCT% highly decrease. MCV,MCH are increased. MCHC normal. Examples:1)Megaloblstic anemia:
Pernicious anemia”Vit.B12 deficiency", Folic acid deficiency. 2)Non-megaloblastic anemia: A plastic anemia, anemia due to hepatic disease.
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