Fracture copy

Musculoskeletal Injuries

Presented By

Sriloy Mohanty

B.N.Y.S.

Musculoskeletal injuries includes strains , sprains, fractures & dislocations.

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sriloy21@gmail.com

Definition

A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon in which the muscle fibers tear as a result

of overstretching

A sprain is an injury in a joint, caused by the ligament being stretched beyond its own

capacity

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Signs and symptoms

strain• localized stiffness,

• discoloration

• bruisingaround the strained muscle

sprain• Pain

• Swelling

• Bruising

• Decreased ability to move the limb

• If the ligament is ruptured, one may hear a popping sound

• Difficulty using the affected extremity

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Treatment

• Rest: The sprain should be rested

– No additional force should be applied on site of the sprain.

• Ice: Ice should be applied immediately to the sprain to reduce

swelling and pain

– It can be applied for 10–15 minutes at a time (longer application of ice

may cause damage instead of healing)

– 3-4 times a day.

– Ice can be combined with a wrapping to minimize swelling and

provide support.

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sriloy21@gmail.com

Cont…

• Compression: Dressings, bandages, or ace-wraps should be

used to immobilize the sprain and provide support

– When wrapping the injury, more pressure should be applied at the far

end of the injury and decrease in the direction of the heart

– Compression should not cut off the circulation of the limb.[8]

• Elevation: Keeping the sprained joint elevated (in relation to

the rest of the body) will also help minimize swelling

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sriloy21@gmail.com

FRACTURE

Fracture is a partial or complete breakage or crack in a bone.

Both direct & indirect force can cause fracture.

fracture can be with / without displacement of bone fragments.

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Types:

Stable fracture- broken bone ends do not move, either because they are incompletely broken

or jammed together.

Unstable fracture- broken bone ends can easily move out of position that increases the risk of

damage to blood vessels, nerves & organs.

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• Open fracture: Skin breaks causing open wound.

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Closed fracture: Skin above the fracture is intact.

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Complete fracture

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Greenstick fracture: is an incomplete break in a bone, tend to occur in children, whose bones are more

flexible

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• A hairline fracture is the result of insufficient trauma (e.g. force or impact) to cause much movement between the fragments of bone.

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Compression fracture

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Fragmentary fracture

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Assessment:

• Quickly assess five P’s in musculoskeletal injuries :

Pain- location, severity & quality of pain.

Paresthesia- abnormal sensation or loss of sensation indicates neuromuscular involvement.

paralysis- nerve damage.

pallor – neurovascular compromise.

Pulse- decreased or absent pulse indicates reduced blood supply to the area.

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Symptoms

• Severe pain

• Difficulty in movement

• Swelling/ bruising / bleeding

• Deformity / abnormal twist of limb

• Tenderness on applying pressure

• Crepitus me be heard

• Signs of shock

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First-aid

Depends on type & location of fracture

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For open fractures:

• Control bleeding

• Dress the wound

• Immobilize.

For closed fractures:

• Calm the person

• Bandage the injured part to an unaffected part of the body

• Immobilize

• Shift to hospital

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DO NOT

• Massage the affected area

• Straighten the broken bone

• Move without support to broken bone

• Move joints above / below the fracture

• Give oral liquids / food

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Prevention

• Wear protective pads / helmets when driving

• Teach children / practice, safe habits

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First aid Based on location of fracture:

Facial fracture:

• If unconscious but breathing normally, place the patient on their side in a supported position & Call for an ambulance.

• If conscious, allow the patient to rest in the position of greatest comfort, generally half-sitting or lying down with the head tilted to the injured side. Provide a clean pad or some tissues for the patient to mop up any blood, saliva or mucus.

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• If the jaw appears broken or dislocated, allow the patient to support the injured part with soft pad.

• Gently apply a cold compress to reduce pain & swelling.

Note: ask the casualty to split out any blood, broken teeth or dentures from his mouth.

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Fracture of the collarbone:

Carefully immobilize the arm with padding under the armpit and apply either an elevation sling or an arm sling depending on the patient’s preferred position of greatest comfort.

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• Gently place soft padding between arm & body to make more comfortable.

• Send the casualty to hospital in sitting position.

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Shoulder injury:

To treat shoulder injury follow RICE procedure:

Rest

ice pack

Compression

Elevation

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Upper arm, elbow & lower arm injury:

position of greatest comfort- generally sitting in a chair or half sitting with support.

Allow the patient to support the arm on the injured side on a pillow or folded clothing.

Place a triangular bandage between the chest & the injured arm.

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sriloy21@gmail.com

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Spine fracture

• Severe pain in the back

• Loss of control over limbs

• Loss of sensation of the limb below the injury

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sriloy21@gmail.com

Treatment

• Do not move

• Put a rolled cloth along the side of the trunk to support the person

• Wait for ambulance

• Place pads between leg and tie a bandage in 8 shape

• Always remember to take the patient in supine position

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Neck fracture

• Use a cervical collar or make 1 with paper and triangular bandage

• Maintain airway

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Facture of the lower limb

• Pain with movement

• Swelling

• Tenderness

• Not able to bend the leg

• Signs of shock

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First aid

• Use pads, sticks, bandages to immobilize

• Elevate

• Restrict movement

• Supine position

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Dislocation

• Dislocation occurs in a joint when it is pushed beyond its normal range of motion.

• A dislocation is where a bone has been displaced from its normal position at a joint.

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Signs and symptoms

• Strong pain in the articulation at the time of the accident.

• A limb is deformed in case of sprains.

• Swelling which manifest itself quickly.

• Pain increase while moving the articulation

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thanQ...

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