epidemiology of cholera

CHOLERA -PAVITHRA PADMAKUMAR

WHY CHOLERA IS IMPORTANT ?????

INDIA YEAR CASES DEATHS 1950 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2009 2010 2011

176,307 43,285 21,955 5,808 3,315 3,156 3,482 5,004 2,341

86,997 12,947 2,302 155 5 6 12 9 10

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHOLERA

• STUDY ABOUT CHOLERA

• APPLYING THE STUDY TO CONTROL CHOLERA

STUDY OF CHOLERA

• AGENT• HOST• MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENSIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

CONTROL OF CHOLERA

AGENT

VIBRIO CHOLERA BELONGING TO VIBRIO BACTERIA

•THEY LIVE IN WATER•VIBRIO CHOLERA GET KILLED BY : HEATING FOR 30 MINS AT 56* C BY DRYING IN SUNLIGHT BLEACHING POWDER

•EL TOR IS MORE RESISTANT THAN CLASSICAL

• THEY PRODUCE A TOXIN CALLED ENTEROTOXIN

• INFECTIVE DOSE:100000000000 BACTERIAS OR 10^11 BACTERIA

STUDY OF CHOLERA

• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

CONTROL OF CHOLERA

HOST• CHOLERA AFFECTS ANY AGE

• AFFECTS BOTH SEX

•GASTRIC ACIDITY AND INESTINAL IMMUNE SYSTEM PLAYS THE DEFENCE ROLE

•ECONOMICALLY POOR AND LACK OF EDUCATION

STUDY OF CHOLERA

• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

CONTROL OF CHOLERA

MODE OF TRANSMISSION

Faecally contaminated water

Contaminated food and water

Overcrowding

STUDY OF CHOLERA

• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

CONTROL OF CHOLERA

PATHOGENESIS

• ENTRY IS THROUGH ORAL ROUTE• GET ADHERED TO SMALL INTESTINE• INCUBATION PERIOD IS 2-5 DAYS • CAUSES SYMPTOMS • GET EXCRETED THROUGH FAECES AND

VOMITING

MECHANISM OF PATHOGENESIS

STUDY OF CHOLERA

• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

CONTROL OF CHOLERA

CLINICAL FEATURES

• STAGE OF EVACUATION• STAGE OF COLLAPSE• STAGE OF RECOVERY

STAGE OF EVACUATION

STAGE OF COLLAPSE• SUNKEN EYES• HOLLOW CHEEKS • SCAPHOID ABDOMEN • WASHERMAN HAND AND

FEET • LOSS OF ELASTICITY OF SKIN

• SUB-NORMAL TEMPERATURE• ABSENT PULSE • LOW BP• SHALLOW AND QUICK RESPIRATION• OLIGURIA

STAGE OF RECOVERY

STUDY OF CHOLERA

• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

CONTROL OF CHOLERA

CARRIERS1)PRE-CLINICAL/INCUBATORY CARRIER- INCUBATION

PERIOD 1-5 DAYS

2)CONVALESCENT CARRIER-ARE PATIENTS WHO RECOVERED BUT STILL CONTINUE TO EXCRETE VIBRIOS

3)

STUDY OF CHOLERA

• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

CONTROL OF CHOLERA