Dr. Matt Anderson - Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virusvirus

Matt Anderson, DVMSuidae Health & Production

Iowa Pork Congress

January 28, 2015

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virusvirus

Practical Experience Management

recommendations Biosecurity Control strategies Vaccine efficacy Decisions regarding herd

exposure Feed mitigation

American Association of Swine Veterinarians Alert

On Thursday May 16, 2013; National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), in close collaboration with Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU-VDL), reported that Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) has been detected in the United States. PEDV is a coronavirus associated with outbreaks of diarrhea and vomiting in swine. It is not a zoonotic disease, does not affect people, and is not a food safety concern. Although this is the first known detection in the United States, PED exists in many parts of the world and is not considered a foreign animal disease in the US, but rather a transboundary disease.

PED Detection in U.S. Swine –May 17, 2013

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) was detected by ISU-VDL and NVSL on May 13, 2013. 4 confirmed cases in sow herds (3 in Iowa, 1 in Indiana). Additional suspected cases are being investigated in Illinois and Colorado. Clinical presentation includes severe diarrhea and high mortality in neonatal pigs (>90%). Producers fed back fecal material to sows resulting in vomiting and diarrhea. PED is not included on the USDA or OIE lists of foreign animal diseases, and USDA considers this to be “Transboundary Disease.” There is no requirement to report the detection to OIE as an Immediate Report but will likely be reported on the USDA’s routine six month or annual report. No plans to institute quarantines or movement controls. Sequencing has determined this virus to be 99.4% homologous with the 2012 Chinese virus. The USDA’s Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health will be developing a fact sheet, case definition and epidemiological survey.

Excerpt from AASV announcement

How Did it Get Here?How Did it Get Here?

Not a single farm source with subsequent spread

Presentation indicates a point source origin of a virus previously found in China

Unrelated herds infected simultaneously What are the connections???

– Not much

FAD’s were on our radarFAD’s were on our radar

FMD ASF CSF (Hog Cholera) PRV Secure Pork Plan

PED virus really wasn’t a virus we put a lot of thought into

Weekly PEDv update, AASV websiteWeekly PEDv update, AASV website

– U

Canada and now the UkraineCanada and now the Ukraine

Time Marches On…Time Marches On…

And so do the bugs…– Swine Dysentery– PRV– PRRS– Influenza A (H3N2, H1N2, etc.)– PCV2 (circovirus)

– And now PED virus

To date…To date…

3 distinct PED viruses have been found in the USA

PDCoV has also been identified in the US

Why haven’t we seen CSF, FMD, or ASF?

Original ObservationsOriginal Observations

High mortality TGE-like disease in multiple sow herds in 4/5 geographically separate states

Explosive pockets of infections There certainly was area spread Then as these herds began to wean pigs, infected

pigs were moved into nurseries and then finishers and/or WTF barns

Subsequent ObservationsSubsequent Observations Newly placed nursery pigs, from non-infected sow

farms, infected in first 24-48 hours post placement

Finisher pigs infected during marketing

Infected site marketed, site cleaned up, new pigs come in and immediately became infected

Clean isn’t always clean enough, farm-wise and truck-wise!

Infections in N/G/FInfections in N/G/F

Nurseries 3-4% additional mortalities and culls

Finishers 0-2% additional mortalities and culls

PED virus is not a growth stimulant!– Commonly pigs will be held back 12-15 days

How was our Biosecurity in How was our Biosecurity in April, 2013April, 2013

Better than it was ten years ago and not bad overall.

Was our Biosecurity good Was our Biosecurity good enough to stop area spread of enough to stop area spread of

PEDv?PEDv?

NO!

What’s Going on?What’s Going on? Piglet transport trucks infected

Market trucks infected at plants or at truck washes

Site clean up has to be very rigorous

Sow herd eradication is a topic for a different day

PRRS– “there are two kinds of herds, those who have it

and those who are going to get it.”

PEDv– Industry chatter sounded pretty familiar– Sense of inevitability– Talk of intentional exposure during summer

months

If you don’t have it, do you really want it?

Approximately 60% of US Approximately 60% of US sows have experienced PEDvsows have experienced PEDv

Approximately 12% of SH&P managed client sows have experienced a PEDv break

Why the difference?Why the difference?

Points of ExposurePoints of Exposure

Piglet trucking Market trucks Feed trucks Manure hauling Supplies

– Meds, creep feed, milk replacer, etc. Supply trucks Feed

FeedFeed

CornDDGSAnimal source ingredients

– Plasma, peptones, etc.

VitaminsFeed trucks themselves

Feed ResearchFeed Research

Research done by groups indicating feed can carry virus

Mitigation researchAnecdotal examples of infections

Sow herd eliminationSow herd eliminationvsvs

control or management control or management

In 2 of 3 sow herds elimination has been relatively easy

In 1 of 3, not so much

Virus eliminationVirus elimination

All protocols I’m aware of are dependent on point in time exposure protocols– The protocols for feedback have varied greatly-

from very aggressive to semi-aggressive.

I believe the challenge lies in clean up, not in exposure

Model of productionModel of production

All in/All out farrowing roomsPiglet holding roomsEtc.

Cleanliness RedefinedCleanliness Redefined

Problem spots– Common, wet hallways– Lactation feeders– Lactation manure storage, shallow pits

Disinfectant protocolsDisinfectant protocols

Multiple disinfectants workContact time is importantDrying is very importantTemperature assisted drying may be helpful

Upgraded effortUpgraded effort

Hallways disinfected every daySuper heated farrowing roomsManure removal from shallow pits under

farrowing crates

PEDv ChallengePEDv Challenge

Keep it out when you can

Eliminate it if you must

Be generally unwilling to live with ongoing infection

Sow herd eliminationSow herd eliminationvsvs

control or management control or management

In 2 of 3 sow herds elimination has been relatively easy

In 1 of 3, not so much

If you are convinced your only If you are convinced your only option is managed control…option is managed control…

Gilt exposure

Vaccine

PEDv VaccinePEDv Vaccine

Currently two on the market– Harris Vaccines– Zoetis

More on the way with the liklyhood that there will be a modified live vaccine at some point

PEDv VaccinePEDv Vaccine

Colostral Immunity vs lactogenic immunity

Prevention vs Aids in the control of…

PEDv VaccinePEDv Vaccine

Vaccine experiencesNegative herdsAcutely positive herds attempting to go

negativeControl strategies

Kudo’s to the US Pork Kudo’s to the US Pork IndustryIndustry

Competition went out the window

Associations and members came together

Many research projects have been funded

Progress has been made

My challenge to the IndustryMy challenge to the Industry

International trade is occurring at a high level and we want that to increase

Many of our inputs come from countries with a different animal health picture than ours

25% of our domestic product is exported

My challenge to the IndustryMy challenge to the Industry

If this had been a true FAD 2014 and 2015 would have looked substantially different than they do today

Secure PorkThat I’m aware of, there is no plan for

catastrophic market loss

Weekly PEDv update, AASV websiteWeekly PEDv update, AASV website

Trucks are important!Trucks are important!

Some farms don’t have dedicated piglet transport

Some farms don’t always (ever) use clean trucks to take pigs to market

Some farms, transport companies wash but don’t disinfect

Immediate concernImmediate concern

Uncontaminated trucks might be coming away from plants contaminated

Lowe study (NPB, NPPC, AASV)

Piglet transportPiglet transport

Dedicated piglet transport trucks that carry one owner’s pigs with thorough wash process in between

How clean is clean enough?How clean is clean enough?

Total absence of organic matter Dry, dry, dry Disinfected with a high quality disinfectant

– Regular check of disinfectant calibration– I like this being foamed on to increase contact time

Baking or forced air heat?– May be helpful but may not be enough

How clean is clean enough?How clean is clean enough?

Only absolute clean will suffice and you can’t be too clean!

Biosecurity ConcernsBiosecurity Concerns

Tranport trucks

Rendering trucks

Feed trucks Manure Handling Equipment Anything that will move manure---manure

equipment, birds, fomites, etc., etc., etc.

General ConcernsGeneral Concerns

Plant unload process

Recycled flush water

Cabs, equipment, boxes Wet trucks Any organic matter at all

Feed trucks Anything that will move manure---manure

equipment, birds, fomites, etc., etc., etc.

Weekly PEDv update, AASV websiteWeekly PEDv update, AASV website

Weekly PEDv update, AASV websiteWeekly PEDv update, AASV website