Dr. Darin Madson - Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Update

Veterinary Diagnostic LaboratoryIowa State University

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Update

Darin MadsonISU-VDL

madson@iastate.edu

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

• Coronavirus– TGE-like outbreaks England 1971

• Multiple European Countries» Most often in nursery/grow finish pigs

• More recently an issue in Asia» China» Japan» Korea

– Severe epizootic outbreaks

Other swine coronaviruses1. TGE2. PRCV3. HEV

• Difficult to propagate in cell culture• Vero cells with trypsin

– African green monkey kidney cells

• Only one serotype known– European isolates similar to Asian isolates

• US isolate(s)• 99.8% similar to 2012 china isolate in genbank

• Enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus• 7 open reading frames encode 4

structural proteins– Spike protein (S gene)– Membrane (M)– Envelope (E)– Nucleoprotein (N gene)

• Highly conserved; best for testing Dr. E. Burrough

• Transmission– Only infectious to swine

– Not humans or other species

– Fecal-oral transmission• Outbreaks with 4-5 days after pig movements

• Pig-to-pig transmission– Shedding for 7-9 days – No long term virus carriers have been reported to date

• Biosecurity– Trucks, boots, fomites, etc.– Similar to TGE

• Outcomes of infection

– Endemic• Lactogenic immunity is protective to piglets

– Eliminated

• Pathogenesis

– Viral attack of mature villous enterocytes• Diffusely through the small intestine• Cytoplasmic replication• Incubation time = 12-18 hrs• Severe diarrhea at 24-36 hrs (maximum effect)

– Post infection

• Rare detection in colonocytes– No destruction though

Villous to crypt ratio 7:1

Villous to crypt ratio 3:1

• PEDV has not been detected outside the intestinal tract

• Previous reports, anyway• Lung and mesenteric lymph node?

• PEDV is supposedly less severe than TGE

• ISU cases support similar severity to TGE

• Clinical disease– Watery diarrhea

• Smells like TGE (literally if you can smell TGE)• Suckling pigs most severely affected• ~100% morbidity in acute cases• ~50% mortality from dehydration

– Vomiting (possible)

• Properties– Stable between a pH of 5-9– Heat inactivated at 60°C of 30 mins– Moderately stable at 50°C

Pospischil et al 2002

• The story………………..

Case Date Location Farm type

1 04/29/13 Iowa Sow

2 05/01/13 Iowa Sow

3 05/06/13 Iowa Nursery

4 05/06/13 Iowa Nursery

5 05/07/13 Indiana Sow

6 05/08/13 Indiana Sow

• All cases had severe diarrhea – Some vomiting

• All TGE negative– Samples sent to SDSU and Minnesota as well

• Severe atrophic enteritis• Sent feces to NVSL for Election

microscopy (EM)– Positive for coronavirus-like particle (5-10-13)

• NVSL PCR testing for PEDV– Positive on 5-11-2013

• Announcement – 5-17-2013

• My life changed 5-17-2003

Available PEDv Diagnostics

• PCR• Multiple PCR tested• S gene, N gene, and nested• Currently running

– N gene real-time– S gene gel based is the back up– Nested is the third confirmatory test

• PCR samples– Feces, intestine, oral fluids, feed, Swiffer

Retrospective testing – 800+ samples

Available PEDv Diagnostics

• Immunohistochemistry– Fixed samples

• Not as sensitive as PCR

• Serology– IFA (very soon)

• Dr. Yoon’s Lab has been able to culture the virus

– ELISA not yet

IHC development 5-25-2013No retrospective testing to date

PEDv Research and Hearsay

• Feed; potential infection source??????– Numerous samples tested

• Whole feed, premixes, plasma sources, etc.

• 2 samples positive on multiple PCRs– Vitamin premix– Plasma product

• Infectivity unknown– Swine bioassays needed

PEDv Research

• Pathogenesis studies underway– Weaned pig study– Neonatal pig study

• Evaluating• Shedding• Oral fluid detected• Microscopic lesions • Clinical signs

PEDv Research

Weaned Pig Study• Diarrhea 2-3 days post

inoculation• Little vomiting @ 3-4 days• Extensive diarrhea @ 4-6

days post inoculation• Recovery @ 8 days; no

depression with scant diarrhea

• No weight gain for 7 days• PCR testing N/A yet

Neonatal pig study• Diarrhea at 24 hours post

inoculation• Severe diarrhea at 36

hours; all pigs• Severe emaciation and

dehydration @ 48 hours• Mortality 36-72 hours

Preliminary data

PEDv Research

Weaned pigs DPI 3

PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA VIRUS

What is next?????

Questions???Acknowledgments

Dr. Drew MagstadtDr. Paulo ArrudaDr. YoonDr. Stevenson

Dr. Darin Madson - Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Update

Health & Medicine

PROPERTY PROFILE - Darin Walker

2018 Molecular evolution of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus strains in Central China

US History Data Team Process Pete Bothun Paul Madson Rob Schultz Emily Walz Pete Bothun Paul Madson Rob Schultz Emily Walz

Dr. Darin Madson - Rotavirus Update: Pathogen, Diagnostics, Immunity and Prevention

1996 Isolation of Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus from Pigs Affected with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome_

2016 Two-way antigenic cross-reactivity between porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus

Exclusive Interview: Darin Montgomery of Urbancase

CSS - fontes - Madson Dias

2013 Social Commerce Summit- Darin Wolter

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea [Autosaved]

Ticianne darin pós-modernismo

Bobby Darin - Dream Lover

porcine skin / human skin

THE TEACHER OF THE DEAF AT THE CENTER FOR EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT OF IPIAÚ AND THE READING READINESS BY SIGNWRITING Madson Barros Barreto madson@librasescrita.com.br

Nipah Virus Barking Pig Syndrome, Porcine Respiratory and Encephalitis Syndrome, Porcine Respiratory and Neurologic Syndrome

Southwest Funding Branch Opportunities Darin Hamilton

MADSON OF AMERICA

THE VISION OF THE DEAF FROM IPIAU (BA, BRAZIL) ABOUT THE SIGNWRITING Madson Barros Barreto madson@librasescrita.com.br Co-founder

Dr. Darin Madson - Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus - Research & Diagnostics

Darin novel by M.A Rahat