Diet during pregnancy. Dr. Sharda Jain

DIET DURING PREGNANCY

Dr. Sharda Jain Director :-

Sec General : Delhi Gynae Forum

PREGNANCY: that period of your life cycle when you must eat a “healthy balanced diet”.

Direct implication of eating a bad diet during pregnancy :

• Still born• Low birth weight baby• Premature baby• Baby with brain damage or less intelligence• Baby with poor immunity

Importance of diet

Complications due to bad diet during pregnancy:

• Anemia• Pregnancy induced hypertension• Toxic abruption of the placenta• Severe infection of lungs, kidneys and liver.

• Miscarriage or abortion

“It is not healthy for you and your unborn baby to go even 24 hours without good food.”

Pregnancy: an opportunity to gain weight

Components of weight gain :• Average baby weight-3.4 kg • Extra stored protein, fat and nutrients-3.18 kg• Breast enlargement-0.9 kg• Enlargement of uterus-0.9 kg• Amniotic fluid surrounding- 0.9 kg• Extra blood- 1.8 kg• Extra body fluids-1.8 kg

Individual weight gain targetsPre-pregnancy weight for height status/ Body mass index (BMI) is the keyStep 1.Calculation of body Mass Index (BMI):

BMI=weight(in Kg)/height square ( in mt.)

For example: Height=1.57 Weight=53 Kg BMI=53/2.46=21.5

Use your BMI to find your target weight gain:

BMI Weight forheight status

Recommendedweight gain

Under 19.8 Low 12.7-18 kg.19.8 to 26 Average 11.0-15.0 kg.26 to 29 High 6.8-11.3 kg.Over 29 Very high 0.7 kg.

Never plan on dieting while you are pregnant

Energy requirement during pregnancy

An additional 300 calories to the pre-pregnant requirement.

Sources of calories:• Carbohydrates- 4 k.cal/gm.

- 55-60% of total calories.- Food sources-wheat, rice, oats, maize, bread,

etc.

Protein Requirement20 % increase(15 gm + normal requirement)• Food sources :- Good quality / complete protein -milk,

egg,cheese, meat or non vegetarian food.

- Incomplete protein-pulses, legumes, soya products etc.

Fats/oil requirement<30 % of calories from fatsSources :Unsaturated oil- sunflower oil, safflower oil,

groundnut oil, mustard oil, palm oil, olive oil, sesame oil.

Saturated oil- vanaspati ghee, ghee, butter, coconut oil.

Vitamins• All the vitamins, i.e. A,B,C,D,E,K to be

taken in appropriate amount• B vitamins: Food sources- meat, poultry, fish,

organ meats, legumes, pulses, milk, green leafy vegetables, nuts, fruits.

• Folic acid: Food source- organ meats, dark green leafy vegetables, muscle meats, poultry, fish, eggs, whole grain cereals.

Minerals • Calcium-milk & products, pulses and legumes,

egg, green leafy veg.,sea food • Iron-liver, organ meat, meat, poultry,egg yolk,whole

grains, legumes, green leafy vegetables, nuts and dry fruits

• Iodine- iodized salt, sea food• Zinc-sea foods, organ meat, meat and poultry,

wheat germ, yeast

Fibre30 - 40 g of fibre per day

Dietary sources - Whole grain and cereals like ,wheat, jowar, bajra, ragi,whole pulses, legumes, fenugreek, vegetables and fruits.

Healthy balanced diet consists of

• Milk or milk products-about 3-4 glasses

• Pulses and legumes-60 g and atleast one serving in the form of sprouts

• Non-veg./paneer-50-100 g

• Cereals-150-200 g. Whole grains and unrefined

• Vegetables-2-3 servings of green leafy veg and seasonal vegetables, 2-3 servings of salad

• Fruits -3-4 fruits with atleast one citrus fruit

• Sugar -5-6 tsp. (in moderation)

• Fat and oil- 5-6 tsp. (in moderation)

Pattern of eating• Take small, frequent meals

• No skipping of meals

• Go for healthy “in-between snacking”

• Take early dinners

• Avoid taking junk food

Concerns during pregnancy1. Morning sickness - Suggestions to combat the

problem :• Follow a healthy eating pattern • Avoid greasy or fried foods, as they take longer to

digest• Don’t lie down right after you eat• Before getting out of your bed, eat a snack like

biscuit or rusk• Be sure to drink juices, if you cant eat solid food

2. Constipation-due to increasing pressure of the growing uterus, hormonal changes, iron and calcium supplements. To avoid it or to deal with it :

• Have lots of salad• Have plenty of green leafy vegetables• Try having whole grains and pulses• Have whole fruits rather than juices devoid of fibers• Drink plenty of liquids• Go for a regular walk

• Heartburn-feeling of fullness. Gastric

reflux of some of the food in the stomach,

now a liquid food mass mixed with

stomach acid may occur in the lower

esophagus, causing an irritation and

burning sensation.

Complications of pregnancy• Anemia

• Pregnancy induced hypertension

• Gestational diabetes

• Pre-existing disease

Something about Smoking

Implication of smoking-abortion, preterm deliveries, perinatal mortality and low birth weight babies.

How does smoking interfere--10% reduction in oxygen carrying capacity.-Vascular constriction-lower serum levels of vit. C, carotene, vit. B12

and zinc.

Alcohol

Implication- fetal alcohol syndrome

Must avoid drinking alcohol

CaffeineModerate caffeine- less than 300 mg/day.Caffeine content of some food and beverages:• Coffee-50-100 mg• Brewed tea-20-110 mg• Cola-30- 56 mg• Sprite and 7 up-0 mg• Chocolate-10- 50 mg• Pain relievers- 30 mg and up

Follow the healthy way of living to prepare for your bundle of joy

• A= Avoid bad habits• B=Build good habits like exercising regularly

and eating nutritious diet• C=Consistent medical checkups and

nutritional guidance

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