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COMMUNITY OPHTHALMOLOGY
A discipline where
“The traditional care applied to an
individual patient is diverted to a
population with a prominence placed on
preventive aspects”
WHAT ARE THE MAJOR DIFFERENCES IN CURATIVE
& PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ?
Goals
Target
Diagnosis
Therapy
Results
Treatment & cure
Single patient
Physical examination.
Drugs / Surgery
Limited to individuals
Prevention of disease
Population/community
Health survey (Community
Diagnosis)
Also include Health education
improved sanitation,
Hygiene, Immunization etc
Prevention of disease
Improvement of quality of life in
community
Curative Preventive
NEED ?
285 million visually impaired, 39 million blind
90 % in developing countries
80 % preventable or curable
Blindness – cataract, glaucoma, trachoma,
childhood blindness etc.
Visual impairment - uncorrected refractive errors
(myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism) 43 % cataract
33%, glaucoma, 2%.
Large portion remain blind due to lack of access to
affordable eye care
SOUTH-EAST ASIA
1/3 of worlds blind & 50 % of blind children come
from this region
Prevalence of blindness 0.8 %
90 % preventable or curable
Cataract, refractive error, childhood blindness,
glaucoma are the major causes of blindness.
Cataract surgery rate remains low & back load
keeps on accumulating.
INDIA
8.5% blindness in 50 & above
1.1 % in general population
Annual incidence of cataract induced blindness is 2
million
Approx 3 million need corneal transplant
6 – 7 % of children aged 10 -14 yrs have problem
with vision
Causes - cataract 62.6%
R E 19 %
glaucoma 5.8%
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS
Age
Malnutrition
Occupation
Social class
Social factors
CONCEPTS
Primary eye care
Epidemiological approach
Team concept
National programmes
WHO GUIDELINES FOR PRIMARY EYE CARE
1. Conditions to be recognized and treated by a trained primary eye care worker
☞ Conjunctivitis and lid infections
- Acute conjunctivitis
- Ophthalmia neonatorum
- Trachoma
- Allergic & Irritative conjunctivitis
- Lid lesions – chalazion
☞ Trauma
- Sub conjunctival hemorrhages
- Superficial FB
- Blunt trauma
☞ Blinding Malnutrition
2. Conditions to be recognized and referred after treatment has been initiated.
☞ Corneal ulcers
☞ Lacerating or perforating injuries of the eye ball
☞ Lid lacerations
☞ Entropion / Trichiasis
☞ Burns - Chemical
- Thermal
3. Conditions that should be recognized and referred for treatment.
☞ Painful red eye with visual loss
☞ Cataract
☞ Ptergium
☞ Visual loss < 6/18 in either eye
COMPONENTS OF PREVENTION
Initial assessment
Methods of intervention
- Primary eye care
- Secondary care(mobile)
- Tertiary eye care
- Specific programmes
- Trachoma
- School
- - Vitamin A
- Occupational
Long term measures
Evaluation
VISION 2020
WHO – feb 1999
To eliminate avoidable blindness by 2020
Right to Sight
Target diseases are cataract, refractive error,
childhood blindness, corneal blindness, glaucoma,
diabetic retinopathy.
HR, infrastructure & technological development.
20 centres of excellance, 200 training centres, 2000
service centres & 20,000 vision centres.
Recommended