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Blood products topic is very important for Medical students as they have to know which blood product will be much beneficial to patients when they go into clinical practice. This PPT provides all of them.
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BLOOD &BLOOD
PRODUCTS
Dr. Murali . U. M.S; M.B.A
Prof. of Surgery
Objectives
• Properties
• Functions
• Blood Products
Blood
• Blood is considered as River of life, Fluid of life, growth & health
• Average human has 5 litres of blood i.e, 8% of total body weight
• It is a transporting fluid
• It carries vital substances to all parts of the body
Properties Of Blood
• Colour range
• - Oxygen-rich blood is scarlet red bright crimson
• - Oxygen-poor blood is purple red.
• Red colour comes from the several million red cells, present in it
• pH must remain between 7.35–7.45
• Temp 38˚ c or 100.4˚ F
Properties Of Blood
• Blood is 5 times more viscous than water.
• Blood is a specialized type of connective tissue in which living blood cells, (formed elements), are suspended in a non living fluid matrix called plasma.
• Cellular Part (Formed Elements)
• Non cellular part (Plasma)
6blood and blood transfusions
Functions Of Blood
Blood performs a number of functions
• Distribution
• Regulation
• Protection
Distribution Functions
Nutritive
Respiratory
Excretory
Transport
Regulation Functions
Maintanence
Buffering
Protection Functions
Preventing blood loss
Defensive function 8
9blood and blood transfusions
Blood Products
• Components of the blood
which are collected from
a donor for use in blood
transfusion.
Blood Products
Red Cell Concentrates
Platelet Concentrates
Granulocyte Concentrate
Fresh Frozen plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Cryo poor plasma
Stored plasma
Albumin
Immunoglobulin
Coagulation Factors
Plasma Derivatives
Plasma Components
Cellular Components
Blood
Whole Blood
Fresh Whole Blood
Whole Blood
Packed Red Blood Cells Platelet Rich Plasma
Slow Centrifugation
High Speed Centrifugation
1 Unit of Random Donor
Platelets1 Unit of Fresh Frozen Plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Thawing precipitates the
plasma proteins
BLOOD COMPONENTS
Whole Blood
• Whole blood = Donor blood + Anticoagulant
• 1 Unit - 450ml
• Anticoagulant (CPDS)
• Rich - coagulation factors
• Hct - 45%
• Stored at 2 - 6 ˚c
• Shelf life - 35 days
Whole Blood
• Acute blood loss with hypovolaemia
• Exchange transfusion
- severe anaemia at birth
- severe hyperbilirubinaemia
• Massive transfusion
• Cardiovascular bypass surgery
Indications
Fresh Whole Blood
Packed Red Cells
Light spin, 22oC(within 8 hrs)
Platelet Rich Plasma
Platelet Concentrate Fresh Plasma
Store at 22oC Freeze(FFP)
Heavy spin,22oC
Red Cell Concentrate
• Also called Packed Red Cells
• Platelets and plasma are removed
• I Unit - 330ml
• Hct – 65 - 75%
• Shelf life - 35 days
• Stored at 2 - 4 ˚c
Red Cell Concentrate
• Anaemia
• Thalassemia
• Sickle cell disease
Indications
Fresh Frozen Plasma
• Removed – Fresh blood & Rapidly Frozen
• 1 Unit – 200 - 250ml
• Contains all coagulant factors
• Stored at - 40 to - 50˚c
• Shelf life – 2 years
Fresh Frozen Plasma
• Single clotting factor deficiency
• Multiple clotting factors deficiencies-
DIC
• Massive transfusions
• Warfarin overdose
• Haemorrhagic disease of neonates
• TTP
Indications
Thaw at 4oC & heavy spin
Fresh Frozen Plasma
Cryoprecipitate
-Refrozen within 1 hr
-Store at < - 18oC
Cryoremoved Plasma
Freeze -80oC immediately
Stored at < -18oC
Cryoprecipitate
• Fresh frozen plasma thawed at 4°C
• Rich in – F – VIII & Fibrinogen
• I unit = 15 - 20ml
• Stored at -30°C
• Shelf life – 2 years
Cryoprecipitate
• Hemophilia A
• Von Willebrand’s disease
• FXIII or fibrinogen deficiency
Indications
Platelets Concentrate
• Platelet rich plasma – Cent.
• Stored at – 20 to 24 ˚c
• Shelf life – 5 days
• I unit = 15 - 20ml
• Uses =
Thrombocytopenia
Drug induced Hge
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC)
• Derived from pooled plasma
• Contains – F – II / IX / & X
• Emergency reversal of warfarin therapy
Autologous Blood
• Collection / infusion of client’s own blood
• Can be collected weekly as long as client’s
H & H are within safe range
• Upto 3 weeks before surgery
• Hct - 45%
• Stored at 2 - 6 ˚c
• Shelf life - 35 days
1. Shelf life of Packed Red cells - ?
• A 5 days
• B 5 weeks
• C 5 months
•
• D 5 years
2. Which of the following can be used in Inherited
defeciency of Factor VIII / Factor XIII ?
• A Fresh frozen plasma
•
• B Platelet concentrate
• C Cryoprecipitate
• D Packed cells
3. All of the following are plasma derivatives
except -
• A Albumin
• B Immunoglobin
• C Coagulation factors
• D Stored plasma
4. In Autologous blood transfusion, the blood
can be withdrawn upto - weeks before
surgery ?
• A 2 weeks
•
• B 3 weeks
• C 4 weeks
• D 5 weeks
5. Patients on Aspirin who are actively bleeding
& undergoing major surgery may require - ?
• A Prothrombin concentrate
• B Packed red cells
• C Plasma – Fresh
• D Platelet concentrate
T
H
A
N
X
THANX
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