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“Cognitive Behavior Therapy via the Internet: a systematic review of applications, clinical efficacy and cost–effectiveness”
Main objective: to determine the applications, clinical efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of Internet-based Cognitive Behavior Therapy
108 articles reviewed103 clinical efficacy studies8 cost-effectiveness studies
APPLICATIONSDepression and Anxiety (used with 25 disorders)
CLINICAL EFFICACYLarge effects sizes At least as good as traditional CBT
COST EFFECTIVENESSYes, as compared to wait lists and/or no treatment
Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., & Lindefors, N. (2012). Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research, 12(6), 745-764.
“Smartphones for Smarter Delivery of Mental Health Programs: A Systematic Review”
Main objective: to systematically review the efficacy of mental health apps for mobile devices (such as smartphones and tablets) for all ages
4997 abstracts examined8 papers (5 apps) met inclusion
criteria 4 apps provided support from a
mental health professional
APPLICATIONSDepression (3)Anxiety (3)Substance use (1)
RESULTSSignificant reduction in depression, anxiety, substance useLarge effect sizes
Donker, T., Petrie, K., Proudfoot, J., Clarke, J., Birch, M. R., & Christensen, H. (2013). Journal of medical Internet research, 15(11), e247.
Limitations (generally)
Technical problems
Limited, low-quality studies
Outdated technology by end of study
Isolate one disorder or componenet at a time
SamApp
1. Working with SAM2. Help for anxiety NOW3. How’s my anxiety right now? 4. Self-help with SAM5. Things that make me anxious6. My Anxiety Toolkit7. Anxiety Tracker8. Social Cloud
SamApp
ProsCan set reminders for “Things that make me anxious”
Self-help section provides exercises that range in activity type
Can save favorite exercises to a personal tool-kit for quick access
ConsMust register for social cloud from within the app
Some external links are broken
Many tabs that are not self-explanatory
No prompts to use
Koko
Started at the MIT Media Lab as a web-based version that was evaluated in a RCT
Anonymous crowdsourcing
Based in cognitive behavioral therapy
KoKo
ProsSimple to use
Reading and re-thinking others’ problems helps provide perspective
Anonymous postings
Community suggestions can be upvoted or flagged
Provides positive feeling in knowing that you’re helping others
ConsNo prompts to use; easy to forget
The name
What’s Up
ProsHas a help right now feature
Tracking ability of anxiety level
Many self-help tools and educational information
Get grounded games are quite fun
Can set a password
ConsNo easy opt out mid-game
Lots of text
No prompts to use the app
Difficult to navigate
No feedback
KOKO-Solely positive reappraisal, monitored
-w/o Registration only info
-Registration for posting-Anonymous social forum
-Self-reflection focus-Evidence/Practice based
-Guided tutorial
WHAT’S UP-Education based-Mood tracker
-Exercises
-PersonalToolkit
SAMAPP
Compare Contrast
And the Winner is…
Simplicity
Different options
Low health literacy level required
Intensity of self-help 12 3
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