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The long and winding road of
preserving archaeological sites
in Flanders (BE) EAA Maastricht 31-08-2017
Table of Contents
IntroductionPreservation policy Number of sites
Overview legal instruments1931 & 1976 Monuments Acts1993 Archaeological Decree2015 Heritage Decree
Conclusion
Introduction
Preservation policyAd hoc: based on expertise & opportunitiesThematic approach based on policy memoranda andletters from the minister
Number of archaeological sites36 sites scheduled as archaeological sites120 ‘heritage sites’ listed as monuments, town&villageconservation area’s or registered landscapes
Major archaeological component/archaeological value
Monuments Decrees: 1931 & 1976
Monuments & Landscapes Decree of 1931 & MonumentsDecree of 1976 are used to preserve archaeological sites
15 registered landscapes58 listed monuments17 listed town&village conservation areas
Note: some sites are listed twice or more
Monuments Decrees: 1931 & 1976
Tumuli
Vicus
Roman villa
‘Obvious’ archaeological sites
Monuments Decrees: 1931 & 1976
18th century town houses (Diest): archaeological value
Interpretation of “Archaeological” ~ building archaeologyand not “underground remains”?
Monuments Decrees: 1931 & 1976 De drie Tommen
3 Roman Tumuli
Listed asMonumentsTown&village conservation area
Since 13/3/1979
Monuments Decrees: 1931 & 1976 De drie Tommen
Monuments Decrees: 1931 & 1976 De drie Tommen
Intention: in situ preservation / open view
Measures in the Ministerial Decree:Authorization for constructing on the siteAuthorization for modifying the parcels…
Intention accomplished?
Tumuli and open view are still preserved
Monuments Decrees: 1931 & 1976 De drie Tommen
Monuments Decrees: 1931 & 1976 De drie Tommen
Parcels have been modified
Situation in 2017Situation in 1979
Agricultural activities close tothe earthworks
Road runningbetween 2 tumuli
Possible damage
What is the physicalstate?
De drie Tommen
Monuments Decrees: 1931 & 1976 De drie Tommen
Is the listing as monument and town&villageconservation area the reason why the tumuli are preserved? Or something else? Was the designation as nature and agricultural land more important?
What about the possible archaeological features aroundthe earthworks?
Should we convert the listing as a monument/town&village conservations areas into thescheduling as an archaeological site?
Archaeology Act
Numbers26 scheduled archaeological sitesFrom Palaeolithic to Mediaeval
Archaeology Decree: 1993
Remains of a moated site andmediaeval castle in ButselMiddle Neolithic site of Ottenburg (earthwork)Tumuli of GrimdeMiddle Palaeolithic site of VeldwezeltRemains of a mediaeval fortress: Keizersberg, LeuvenSite of a former church and graveyard, mediaeval period, Zelem.
Archaeology Decree: 1993
General idea: scheduling sites for research~Malta: creation of archaeological reserves?
Ministerial Decrees state the goals of each scheduled site: ‘preserve as a witness of the past for future generations’ and ‘to allow future research’
Are both goals compatible?
Archaeology Decree: 1993
Heritage sites with major archaeological component or archaeologicalvaluelisted by the 1976 Decreebetween 1993 and 2015
3 registered landscapes32 listed monuments6 listed town&village conservation areas
Archaeology Decree: 1993Examples
Roman Castellum
Archaeological remainsof abbeys
Archaeological remainsof castles
Moated sites
Was this useful/effective? Does itmake sense?
Schedule as protected archaeologicalsites instead?
Heritage Decree: 2015
Heritage Decree:1 Decree for Monuments, Landscapes & Archaeology3 different types of ‘listing’
10 scheduled archaeological sitesArchaeological sites: in situ or ex situArchaeological value for monuments & landscapes (16 M & 2 L)
Conclusion
36 scheduled archaeological sites
A lot more archaeological sites are protectedIn different ways: monument, town&village conservationarea, landscape
Using different legal instruments: Monument Decrees(1931 & 1376), Archaeology Decree (1993), Heritage Decree(2015)
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