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Social Smart Citizens: Introducing Digital and Social Strategies for
Participatory Governance in Smart Cities
Guest Lecture:
E-governance and E-democracy
Robin Effing
Gemeente Enschede
Gemeente Apeldoorn
Hoogheemraadschap Stichtse Rijnlanden
Waterschap Zeeuwse Eilanden
Gemeente Wijdemeren
Gemeente Amsterdam
Provincie Gelderland
Gemeente Assen
Gemeente Middelburg
Gemeente Zutphen
Netwerkstad Twente
Saxion Utwente
Apostolisch genootschap
R.K. Kerken
ANWB
TIAS Business School
THE INTERNETOF THINGS
(a) City dashboards
W h a t i s t h e c i t y
b u t t h e p e o p l e ?
William Shakespeare1608
“By using what digital strategies can cities
effectively involve citizens and companies in
the policy and development process of the
city in order to become a smarter city?”
Technology driven towards more integral approach.
The involvement of citizens and other non-
governemental actors is essential. Smart Citizens
play a crucial role in cities by their participation in
smart Governance. (Granier et al, 2016)
FIRST DEFINITIONS
SMART
CITY= ICT
IBM (Harrison, 2010) :
“instrumented, interconnected and
intelligent city””
Hall et al. (2000):
“a city that monitors and integrates
conditions of all of its critical infrastructures”
OFTEN CITED DEFINITION
SMART
CITY= SOCIAL + ICT + LIFE +
ECONOMY + SUSTAINABLE +
PARTICIPATION
Caragliu, Del Bo & Nijkamp (2009, p.50) :
“We believe a city to be smart when
investments in human and social
capital and traditional (transport) and modern
(ICT) communication
infrastructure fuel sustainable
economic growth and a high quality of
life, with a wise management of natural
resources, through participatory
governance.”
o 11 ladders were identified
o No consensus on how to define and measure
e-participation
Stageleadership
E-enabling E-engaging E-empowering
Governmentinitiatives
Web information strategy
Digital consultationstrategy
Crowdsourcingstrategy
Citizen initiativesDigital e-literacy anddigital acces strategy
E-petitioningstrategy
Change movementstrategy
Network initiatives Open data strategyOpen knowledge
strategyOpen innovation
strategy
Social Smart City Framework
P r e l i m a n a r y s t u d y
o f
B e s t p r a c t i c e s
• Participation ladders seem to have shortcomings in describing participatorygovernance
• Castells terminology of the networkedsociety is of increasing importance
• That seems more complex than the twoway relation citizen Governement
Stageleadership
E-enabling E-engaging E-empowering
Governmentinitiatives
Web information strategy
Digital consultationstrategy
Crowdsourcingstrategy
Citizen initiativesDigital e-literacy anddigital acces strategy
E-petitioningstrategy
Change movementstrategy
Network initiatives Open data strategyOpen knowledge
strategyOpen innovation
strategy
Social Smart City Framework
Stageleadership
E-enabling E-engaging E-empowering
Governmentinitiatives
Web information strategy
Digital consultationstrategy
Crowdsourcingstrategy
Citizen initiativesDigital e-literacy anddigital acces strategy
E-petitioningstrategy
Change movementstrategy
Network initiatives Open data strategyOpen knowledge
strategyOpen innovation
strategy
Social Smart City Framework
C o n c l u s i o n
• The framework provides a more refined way to look at digital strategies to become smart cities.
• The framework gives a broader perspective on participatory governance than a two-way relationship between citizen and government
• However, further development is needed.
D i s c u s s i o n
• Underpinning of various strategies with empirical data.
• Perhaps other best practices could be identified that could enhance the explanatory function of the framework
• The complexity of the ownership, leadership and decision making processes in our future cities will be tremendously high
Keep in touchr.effing@utwente.nl
@robineffing
linkedin.com/in/effingwww.socialpower.nl
http://www.slideshare.net/robineffing
(Presentation slides made in collaboration with Bert Groot)
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