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BROADCASTING TECHNICAL EVOLUTION
Andrew King
Director : BroadSpectrum Consultants
Chair : Australian Radiocommunications Study Group 6 (Broadcasting)
Consultants Pty Ltd Specialists in Broadcast and RF Spectrum © 2016
© 2016
MORE DETAIL (DEFINITION)
UHDTV (1)
3840 x 2160
8.3 Mpixels
Digital Cinema 2K
2048 x 1080 2.21 Mpixels
Digital Cinema 4K
4096 x 2160 8.84 Mpixels
SD (PAL)
720 x 576
0.414Mpixels
HDTV 720P
1280 x 720
0.922 Mpixels
HDTV 1080I or P 1920 x 1080
2.027 Mpixels
UHDTV (2)
Super Hi-Vision
7680 x 4320
33.2 Mpixels
© 2016
MORE COLOURS (GAMUT)
• UHDTV can offer more realism
• Quantization of levels• With more colours to represent, higher
bit sample rates (10-bit) are critical
UHD Colour Space (ITU-R Rec. BT.2020)
Expanded colour space for
more realistic pictures
HD Colour Space (ITU-R Rec. BT.709)
Pointer, 1980
Colours seen by human eye
© 2016
MORE DYNAMIC RANGE
Images : Dolby Laboratories
Standard Dynamic Range
High Dynamic Range• HDR parameters still to
be finalised in ITU-R
© 2016
HIGH EFFICIENCY VIDEO CODING
• Developed by Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) between ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and ITU-T SG16/Q.6 Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG)
• Published Standard ISO/IEC 23008-2 MPEG-H Part 2 and ITU-T H.265
• Wider ranges of video characteristics, more profiles, more complexity, but offers lower transmission bitrates
© 2016
DISTRIBUTION BITRATES
MPEG-2
Video
MPEG-4 /
AVC
HEVC
Spec. First Released 1994 2003 2013
SD 3 - 5 Mbps 1.8 - 3 Mbps 1 - 1.8 Mbps
HD 10 - 18 Mbps 5 - 9 Mbps 2.5 - 4.5 Mbps
4K UHDTV
(2160p50 10bit)Not Available Not Available 8 – 15 Mbps (typ)
15 – 25 Mbps (higher)
© 2016
DVB-T2 UPDATE
• Technology• Physical layer pipes – fixed, portable,
mobile all in one carrier
• Constellations up to 256 QAM –increasing spectral efficiency
• Interleaving – better impulse noise immunity
• Initial trials
• Waiting for good demodulators to become available
• Europe planning to launch DVB-T2 HD services
2009 2016
• Wide and varied rollouts around the
world• Fixed, portable, mobile
• S. E. Asia, NZ, Fiji, Tonga, PNG
• STB prices <$US30
• DVB-T2 tuner standard in larger flat
panel televisions
• Major CE suppliers 2016 models will all
have 4K UHD, WCG & HDR.
• But not necessarily to the same
standards as each other
Receivers
© 2016
ATSC 3.0
• UHDTV is a key goal of ATSC 3.0• –4k is the current focus, with 8k possible in the future
• Resolution of 3840 ×2160• Frame rate of 60 Hz; 120 Hz is under consideration
• High dynamic range
• Wide colour gamut (Rec. 2020)
• 10 bits/pixel
• HDTV delivery to mobile and handheld devices such as tablets
• Physical Layer Similarities to DVB-T2• Same FFT sizes of 8K, 16K and 32K• Time Division multiplexing option• Physical Layer Pipe concept is same, Multiple PLP is a likely use case• Hierarchical preambles preceding frames • Low Density Parity Check for Forward Error Correction is similar, but there are new codes
with different code rates
• Standards Final Approval expected Q2 2017, products later
© 2016
SPECTRUM EFFICIENCY
Current Australian DVB-T Broadcasts (3.3)
Equivalent ATSC 3.0 Broadcasts (5.2)
Equivalent DVB-T2 Broadcasts (5.0)
DVB-T
Shannon Limit
ATSC 3.0
DVB-T2
Richer, Next Generation DTV: ATSC 3.0
ATSC 3.0 4096QAM Max 10.8bits/s/Hz
DVB-T2 256QAM Max 6.4 bits/s/Hz
© 2016
EBU LTE eMBMS STUDY
Study examined the effects of self-interference in an LTE eMBMSnetwork in different reception conditions and with different inter-site distances (ISD)
EBU Technical Review Q2 2014 Brugger & Schertz
© 2016
SPECTRUM EFFICIENCY COMPARISON
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5
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sp
ect
ral E
ffic
ien
cy (b
its/
s/H
z)
Inter Site Distance (km)
LTE SFN/eMBMS
DVB-T today
DVB-T2 Equivalent
DVB-T2 Max
ATSC 3.0 Max
Japan Trial
© 2016
NETWORK TOPOLOGY COMPARISONS
EBU Technical Review Q2 2014 Brugger & Schertz
HTHP coverage radius 25km vs ISD of 2, 5 and 10km for LTLP network
LTLP Network 568 BSreduce spectrum,
but capex costs x18
LTLP Network 23 BS same costs,
Bandwidth x 4, Blocked Spectrum x5
© 2016
WHAT ABOUT IP DELIVERY?• 3 hours / day of television viewing
• HD MPEG-4 AVC 5 Mbit/s
• 211 Gbytes/month of data
• Broadcaster has to have:
• additional costs for a Content Delivery Network and large scale internet access
• Network requires high capacity Edge Servers
• 10,000 line exchange needs 50 Gigabit Ethernet port systems!
• Viewer needs:
• internet plan of at least $70 / month and a connection with suitable speed
• Network transmission costs between 10 and 1000 times compared to RF transmission
Does this mean becomes ?
Raises many service delivery, regulatory and policy issues.
© 2016
SUMMARY
• New television technology offers more - detail, colour and dynamic range.
• Consumer product with the latest display technology is imminent
• More transmission capacity is required for broadcasting to take advantage of the available technology
• Existing broadcasting terrestrial transmission networks are the most economical form of delivery to large number of viewers simultaneously
• Other transmission methods cater to other business models
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