Eidlin railvolution 20140921

BEYOND THE PARK-AND-RIDE LOT

Lessons for California on High Speed Rail

from France and Germany

Eric Eidlin, AICP | Federal Transit Administration

2013 – 2014 German Marshall Fund Urban and Regional Policy Fellow

Rail~volution 2014 | Minneapolis, MN | September 23, 2014

Overview

• Project objectives

• Cities visited and rationale

• Rationale for California High Speed

Rail (HSR)

• HSR in France and Germany

• Main themes raised in interviews

• Lessons for California

Project Objectives

Learn about:

• Different approaches to station siting

• Best practices in promoting non-auto

access to HSR stations

• Station design and the multiple roles of

stations

• HSR-specific land uses

• Parking

Interviewees

Interviewed 60 individuals in Europe:

• National railways

• Government officials:

–Federal

–Local (transit agencies, city planning

offices)

• Researchers (think tanks, universities)

• Private consultants

• Lay people

FRANCE

Lyon (home base)

Berlin (home base)

GERMANY

Le Creusot

Paris

Strasbourg

Aix-en-Provence

Avignon

Marseille

Important

French

locations

not visited

Haute-Picardie

Lille

Münster

Kassel

Dresden

Hannover

Leipzig

Erfurt

Important

German

locations

not visited

Freiburg

Limburg

Cologne

Montabaur

PARIS – MARSEILLE HSR CORRIDOR

31 million riders/year (2008)

(PO

PU

LA

TIO

N IN

MIL

LIO

NS

)

74 million riders/year, all lines (2009)

BERLIN – STUTTGART HSR CORRIDOR

Stuttgart, 1.5

Mannheim, 0.6

Frankfurt, 2.3

Berlin, 3.4 million

39 million riders/year (2030)

PROPOSED CALIFORNIA HSR

0 100 200 300 400 500 600MILES

Paris Region12.0 million

CAHSR Station Area Planning

• Six cities to receive funds for

land use planning in station

areas

• Cities: Fresno, San Jose,

Merced, San Jose, Gilroy,

Bakersfield, Palmdale

• Plans range from $800k to

$1.4 million, 50% federal

(FRA stimulus funds)

FRANCE66 million inhab.

260,558 sq. mi.

302 people/ sq. mi.

GERMANY82 million inhab.

137,846 sq. mi.

608 people / sq. mi.

CALIFORNIA38 million inhab.

163,696 sq mi.

232 people / sq. mi.

Network:

1265 mi.

114m

riders/yr

Initiation:

1981

Paris Gar de Lyon

• Country highly centralized politically and economically

• Paris by far largest urban area (12m); Lyon next (2m)

• Primary goal of HSR is to speed travel between Paris and second tier cities

• Mostly dedicated HSR track

FRANCE

• Network: 1265 mi.

• 114m riders/yr

• Initiation: 1981

Paris

Transit

and HSR

• HSR quicker and more popular than air between many cities

Paris Gare de Lyon

Marseille St. Charles

Paris-Lyon:

virtually no

more air

travel

Network: 798mi.

235 under

construction

75 million HSR

riders/yr

Initiation: 1991

GERMANY

Source: Koeln.de

• Federal country with more even distribution of population

• Berlin largest urban area at 3.5m, next largest Hamburg at 1.7m

• Many cities with 400k-1m inhabitants, so trains stop frequently

• Mostly blended HSR system

Source: Koeln.de

Cologne Main Station

• HSR trains serve historic

city center stations

• Little HSR-specific land

use planning

GERMANY

Source: Koeln.de

• HSR not a fundamentally

new thing, but rather the

next evolution in an

existing technology

• First rate highway system

and well-developed

network of airports

compete with HSR

• Heavy focus on

intermodality

• DB operates own carshare

and bikeshare services

GERMANY

Speed Versus Connectivity

PARIS –

STRASBOURG

474 KM / 295 MI

2:20 / 0 STOPS

126 MPH AVG

OFFENBURG -

BERLIN

750 KM / 466 MI

5:55 / 13 STOPS

78 MPH AVG

SÜDKREUZ

STATION

HOME

SÜDKREUZ

STATION 30 minutes travel time savings in

southbound direction

Berlin

Transit

and HSR

Station Types

Central City - Erfurt

Central City - Erfurt

City population: 204,000

Station renovation completed 2006

34,000 passengers/day

10 tracks

390 parking spaces (underground garage)

Mid point along future Berlin – Munich HSR

Exurban - Le Creusot

“Gare Betterave”

Exurban - Aix-en-Provence TGV

Exurban - Aix-en-Provence TGV

Opened: 2001

10 miles from downtown Aix, pop. 143,000

7,000 passengers/day

2860 parking spaces

4 tracks (2 pass-through)

Peripheral -- Avignon TGV

Peripheral - Avignon TGV

Opened: 2001

2.5 miles from downtown

Avignon pop. 95,000

7,300 passengers/day

1,890 parking spaces

4 tracks (2 pass-through)

New rail transit link

Avignon “Virgule”

2.5

mile

s

New Center City – Lyon Part Dieu

New Center City - Lyon Part Dieu

Lyon Perrache

Lyon Part-Dieu

2 miles

• Opened for service in

1983

• Station built for

35,000 people/day

• Station now sees

120,000/day

• Busiest rail station in

France for connections

New Center City - Lyon Part Dieu

New Center City - Lyon Part Dieu

Walk35%

Bike3%

Transit40%

Taxi5%

Car17%

How intercity rail travelers

get to Lyon Part-Dieu

Opened: 1983

Lyon pop. 2 million (in region)

Center of new downtown district

Central node in local transit and national rail networks

120,000 people/day

2,060 parking spaces

11 tracks

20,000 people

use station as

pedestrian

tunnel daily

New Center City - Lyon Part Dieu

KEY NUMBERS

- Second office

district in France

- 6.5 million sf new

office space

- 1.6 million sf new

residential space

- 2.2 million sf

retail, event, and

hotel space

KEY CONCEPTS

“Gare ouverte”

“Gare connectrice”

“Socles actifs”

“Sol difficile” and

“sol facile”

La Defense, Paris

Lyon Part Dieu

Station Design and

Land Use

Downtown Station / Mall - Leipzig

Downtown Station / Mall - Hannover

Hannover Main Station

Station / Mall – Paris St. Lazare

Convention Center Station – Cologne Deutz

Source: Thomas Wolf

HSR Station vs. Airport

11,000 sf office

5,500 jobs

245 hotel rooms

11 million sf office

45,000 jobs

2,000 hotel rooms

10,000 parking spaces5,000 parking spaces

26 million passengers (2011) 8 million passengers in 2011

Lyon St. Exupéry AirportLyon Part-Dieu HSR

Permeable Station – Berlin Stadtbahn

Intermodal Connections and

Payment Systems

Blended Stations

Blended Stations

½-m

ile

SAN JOSE DIRIDON

150 HSTs/day +

400 other trains

LYON PART-DIEU LA UNION

64 HSTs/day (2029)

#? other trains

Integrated Fares and Ticketing

VBB = “Transportation alliance”

for Berlin / Brandenburg

Mobility Services

Integrated Fares and Ticketing

Mobility Services

Includes:

• Annual public transit pass

• Carshare membership

• Car rental discounts

• 20 % discount on taxis, cashless payment

• German Rail discount card

• Integrated mobility bill for all basic costs, carshare and taxi trips

Integrated Navigation and Ticketing

Ticketless Travel

The Bicycle:

A Space-Efficient Access Mode

National Cycling Plan - Germany

“The promotion of cycling benefits everyone, including pedestrians and motorists. Cycling is an environmentally friendly means of transport that does not produce noise or harmful emissions.

It requires little space.

In combination with local public transport and walking, it makes it possible to reduce [vehicle] traffic, especially in city centres, thereby tackling congestion and lowering pollutant and noise emissions.”

Münster

Münster Bike Station

• 3,300 bike parking spaces (largest garage in Germany)

• Importance of intermodalism

Münster

Münster

Lessons Learned

Lessons Learned

HSR has distinct advantages over other

modes of travel. We must be clear about

these advantages and design to take full

advantage of them.

Stations should be sited in dense urban

districts that are preeminent destinations

and central nodes of urban transit

networks.

Extensive planning work may make other

locations feasible, but existing

infrastructure and/or development are

usually preconditions for success.

Lessons Learned

There are tradeoffs between

maximizing travel speeds and

connections.

Secondary stations in large cities can

bring HSR closer to many without

significantly slowing service.

Lessons Learned

Station buildings need to be well-

designed and large enough to serve

multiple public purposes. Financing

such structures is challenging.

It is essential to articulate vision for

project first and figure out how to

realize vision within constraints.

Lessons Learned

Innovations in payment systems can blur the divide between public transit and the private car and enhance the competitiveness of non-auto modes.

Fragmented governance in transit leads not simply to poorly coordinated schedules among providers, but also to intermodal facilities that are inefficient and difficult to navigate.

Bicycles can be a cost-effective and space-efficient access mode to HSR, but supportive policies and infrastructure must be provided.

Lessons Learned

HSR can be transformational in terms

of development.

Most of California’s planned HSR

stations are in places that are centrally

located, have significant development

potential, and are anticipating rapid

population growth.

California’s HSR system will not

mature for many decades. We must

be careful not to make decisions that

we will regret in 50 years.

eric.eidlin@dot.gov

urbancurrent.org/author/ericeidlin

BEYOND THE PARK-AND-RIDE LOTLessons for California on High Speed Rail from France and Germany

Eric Eidlin, AICP | Federal Transit Administration

2013 – 2014 German Marshall Fund Urban and Regional Policy Fellow

Rail~volution 2014 | Minneapolis, MN | September 23, 2014