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Status of Water Resources in Utt kh d I dUttarakhand – Issues and
Challengesg
Rajendra ChalisgaonkarEngineer-in-Chiefg
Irrigation Department, Uttarakhand
India’s Land Resources 2% of the World
India’s Freshwater Resource 4% of the World
India’s Population 17% of the WorldIndia s Population 17% of the World
India’s Cattle Population 10% of the World
Geographical Area 329 mhag p
Non-cultivated AreaB /W L d
7%23%Barren/Waste Land 23%
Forested Area 23%Forested Area 23%
Cultivated Area (CA) 47%Cultivated Area (CA) 47%
Irrigated Area (produces 55%) 37% of CA
Rainfed Area (produces 45%) 63% of CA
TotalTotal precipitationprecipitation 40004000 BCMBCM
AnnualAnnual waterwater availabilityavailability(after(after accountingaccounting forfor losseslosses inin thethe formform 18691869 BCMBCMevaporationevaporation etcetc..))
UtilizableUtilizable waterwater(the(the availableavailable waterwater cannotcannot bebe fullyfully utilizedutilized duedue tototopographicaltopographical andand hydrologicalhydrological constraintsconstraints andand thetheneedneed forfor allowingallowing certaincertain amountamount ofof waterwater toto flowflow
11231123 BCMBCMneedneed forfor allowingallowing certaincertain amountamount ofof waterwater toto flowflowinin thethe riverriver forfor maintainingmaintaining thethe riverriver regimeregime..))
‐‐ SurfaceSurface waterwater‐‐ GroundGround waterwater
690690 BCMBCM433433 BCMBCM
Population Population Per Capita annual Per Capita annual Year Year Population Population
(in millions)(in millions) water availability water availability (in cubic meter)(in cubic meter)
19511951 361361 51775177
20012001 10271027 18201820
20252025 139139 13 113 120252025(projected)(projected) 13941394 13411341
20502050 16 016 0 11 011 020502050(projected)(projected) 16401640 11401140
•Water Per Capita •Water Stressed
pAvailability < 1700 Cubic
Meter per yearMeter per year
W t Per Capita •Water Scarce
Per Capita Availability < 1000 Cubic ScarceMeter per year
one of the hilly states in the Indian Himalaya. Formerly a part ofUttarakhand
y y y pUttar Pradesh (UP), Uttarakhand was created as the 27th state ofthe Indian Union on 9 November, 2000 by carving out the 13 hilldistricts of U P The elevation ranges from 210 to 7817 mdistricts of U.P. The elevation ranges from 210 to 7817 m.
Uttrakhand is well known for its Char Dham:-
YAMUNOTRI GANGOTRI
BADRINATH KEDARNATH
Plains31 60% 2001 CENSUS
Hills68 40%
31.60%
58 065 l
26.83 lac 2001 CENSUS
68.40% 58.065 lac
TOTAL POPULATION :84.89 LAC
35 39 lac
35%35.39 lac
65%
65 47 lac65.47 lac
TOTAL POPULATION :100.86 lac2011 CENSUS
Plains14%
7,448 km2
14%
Hill A 46 035 k 2Hilly Area86%
46,035 km2
46035 km2
Geographical Area = 53483 km2
Land use/ land cover Map of UttarakhandUttarakhand has a total geographic area of 53,483 km², of which 86% i t i d 65% i d b f t86% is mountainous and 65% is covered by forest.
Altitudinal zones of Uttarakhand and their attributes
S.No.
Zone/AltitudeFarming situation
SoilRainfall
(mm/ year)Districts
att butes
1 Zone A. upto1.000 m
Tarai irrigated
Alluvial 1400 U.S. Nagar,Haridwar
Bhabhar Alluvial 1400 Nainital Dehradun1.000 m Bhabharirrigated
Alluvial mixed with boulders
1400 Nainital, Dehradunand Pauri Garhwal
irrigated Alluvial 2000‐2400 Champawat, Pauri,irrigated lower hills (600‐1000 m)
Alluvial sandy soil
2000 2400 Champawat, Pauri, Dehradun. Garhwal. Nainital, Garhwal. Tehri)
Rain‐fed lower hills
Residual sandy loam
2000‐2400 Champawat, PauriDehradun.
(600‐1000 m)
Garhwal. Bageshwar. Nainital, Tehri
Contd………….
S.No.
Zone/AltitudeFarming situation
SoilRainfall (mm/
year)Districts
2 Zone B, 1000‐1500 m
Mid hills, south aspect
Sandy loam 1200‐1300 Champawat, Nainitai, Almoraaspect
(1000‐1500 m
Almora. Dehradun, Tehri, B hBageshwar.
3 Zone C, 1500‐2400 m
High hills (1500‐2400
Red to dark 1200‐2500 Pithoragarh. Almora,
2400 m m) Chamoli, Bageshwar
4 Zone D >2 400 Very high Red to 1300 Pithoragarh. 4 Zone D, >2.400 m
y ghills black clay
gChamoli, Uttarkashi
Land-use Pattern in Uttarakhand
Annual Normal Rainfall in Uttarakhand
S. Major No. of Area Volume Snout Elevation (m. Glaciers of Uttarakhand
N. Basin Glaciers (km2) (Km3) asl)1 Yamuna 52 205 12.20 40402 Bhagirathi 238 755 67 02 41502 Bhagirathi 238 755 67.02 41503 Kali 271 969 43.77 41304 Alaknanda 407 1204 90.75 4240
Total 968 3133 213.74Distribution of glaciers in different himalayan states
State Glaciers Area(km2)
Average size(km)
Glacier in thestate (%)
J&K 5262 29163 55 0 55 0J&K 5262 29163 55.0 55.0Himachal 2736 4516 3.35 28.0Uttarakhand 968 2857 3.87 10.0Uttarakhand 968 2857 3.87 10.0Sikkim 449 706 1.50 5.00Arunachal 161 223 1.40 2.00
Present domestic water use
At t th t t l d d f d ti t f Utt kh dAt present the total demand of domestic water for Uttarakhand state is about 1279.32 MLD. The detail description of present demand and supply is shown below:
Present demand and supply for domestic water
Types of drinking water
No of drinking water
No of Profitable Persons
Total Demand of Drinking
Total supply of Drinking waterBy By Totalwater
schemeswater schemes
Persons of Drinking water (MLD)
By Tubewells
By surface water
Total (MLD)
Urban 75 4071759 616.80 446.81 135.42 582.22R l 4286 5560473 662 52 286 76 234 43 529 16Rural 4286 5560473 662.52 286.76 234.43 529.16Total 4361 9632232 1279.32 733.57 369.84 1111.38
Districts of
Projected population Per capita water
Total water demand(LPD)
Forcasted demand for domestic water
Districts of Uttarakhand
water demand (LPD)
2016 2030 2016 2030
Almora 631000 639000 135 85185000 86265000Almora 631000 639000 135 85185000 86265000Bageshwar 270000 300000 135 36450000 40500000Chamoli 410000 460000 135 55350000 62100000h 280000 325000 135 37800000 43875000Champawat 280000 325000 135 37800000 43875000Dehradun 1850000 2300000 135 249750000 310500000
Pauri Garhwal 697000 780000 135 94095000 105300000Haridwar 2050000 2600000 135 276750000 351000000Nainital 1040000 1320000 135 140400000 178200000
Pithoragarh 510000 558000 135 68850000 75330000Rudraprayag 255000 285000 135 34425000 38475000Tehri Garhwal 645000 720000 135 87075000 97200000Udham Singh 243000000Udham Singh
Nagar1800000 2300000 135 243000000 310500000
Uttarkashi 355000 420000 135 47925000 56700000Total 10793000 13007000 135 1457055000 1755945000
Ground Water Categorization of Blocks in Uttarakhand
S.No District SafeSemi‐Critical Critical
Over‐Exploited Saline
1 Dehradun DoiwalaSahaspurSahaspurVikasnagar
2 Haridwar BahadarabadBhagwanpurNarsanKhanpurLaksarRoorkeeRoorkee
3 Udham Singh Nagar JaspurKashipur
BazpurGadarpurRudrapurSitargunj
KhatimaKhatima4 Nainital Ramnagar
Haldwani
Groundwater Resources Availability, Utilization in Uttarakhand As on March, 2013
S.No Name of District
Annual Replenishable Groundwater Resources
Natural Dischar
ge During
Net Groundwater
Availabil
Anuual Groundwater Draft
During Non
Monsoon Period
AvailabilityMonsoon Season Non Monsoon
SeasonTotal Irrigatio
nDomesti
c & Industrial Water
Total
Recharge from
Recharge from
Recharge from
Recharge from al Water
Supplyfrom Rainfall
from Other Sources
from Rainfall
from Other Sources
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1236614. 36457.9 4930.
1 Dehradun 28303.59 1343.88 5184.58 1782.236614.25
156.336457.9
24291.97 638.4
4930.57
2 Haridwar 31278.34 15661.27 10140.62 31403.6388483.86
2353.2586130.6
140614.2
37992.45
48606.68
Udham Singh 64084 63421 3 393783
Udham Singh Nagar
43113.99 4529.02 7702.55 8739.2764084.83
663.4163421.3
833912.1 5466.3
39378.4
4 Nainital 7640.93 661.31 1199.3 1191.7810693.32
92.6510600.6
65295.2 549.48
5844.68
State Total 110336 8 199876 196610 84113 5 14646 6 98760State Total (ham)
110336.85
22195.48 24227.05 43116.88199876.26
3265.61196610.
5784113.5
014646.6
398760.33
State Total (bcm)
1.10 0.22 0.24 0.43 2.00 0.03 1.97 0.84 0.15 0.99
Water SectorWater Sector‐[Problems & Challenges][Problems & Challenges]
• Heavy Precipitation
Cl d B t• Cloud Bursts
KEDARNATH AREA BEFORE AND AFTER JUNE 2013
CONFLUENCE OF RIVER MANDAKINI AT RUDRAPRAYAG BEFORE AND AFTER JUNE 2013
AFTER DISASTERAFTER DISASTER
tuin #ni;kxtuin #nziz;kx
Distt. R dRudraprayag
Distt. Chamoli
Madkot(Munsyari)Madkot(Munsyari), Distt. Pithoragarh
VIEW OF SRINAGAR AFTER FLOODS
Canals DamagedCanals Damaged Due to FloodsDue to Floods
D i G l C l H ld i P ll l G l C lDamages in Golapar Canal, Haldwani Parallel Gola Canal
Spill from Sukhi Bund, Begul River entered in Silted Upper Begul Canal U S Nagar Upper Begul Canal
Damaged Giwain Canal Damaged Head of Left Kho Canal
Damaged Ghat infront of Parmarth Niketan Damaged Head of Left Kho Canal
Damaged Kothwara Canal Bagban Canal
MEASURES TAKEN AFTERMEASURES TAKEN AFTER
THE DISASTERS S
RIPRAP at Udhamsnghnagar
Gabion Wall at Kedarnath
Gabion Wall at Gola RiverGabion Wall at Gola River
Gabion Wall at Ratmau River
DISTRICT UTTARKASHI
CEMENT CONCRETE WALL AT TILWARA, RUDRAPRAYAG
CEMENT CONCRETE WALL AT SUMARI, RUDRAPRAYAG
Temperature
increase Change in Sea increase
Monsoon Pattern
IncreaseIncrease
Level Rise
Increase in Rain Fall
Intensity
Increase in
Extreme Events
Impact of Climate Change
Decrease in No. of
Change in Ground g
Rainy Days
Ch
water Recharge
Decrease in Snow Fall
IncreaseIncrease
Change in
Runoff Pattern
Increase in
Evaporation rate
Increase in
Glacier retreat
• Small Land Holdings
• Hilly Terrainsy
Benefit Cost Ratio• Benefit Cost Ratio
• Micro Irrigation
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ukFkwokyk ugj] nsgjknwu fVlksj ugj] flrkjxat
2 D N i l W k h2 Days National Workshop organised by IWRS onorganised by IWRS on
will also address the issues related to Hilly States
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