The ecology of some mould genera indoors

Konsulenter innen sopp- og insektspørsmål. Biologiske bygningsskader.

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Indoor microbial ecology:

Substrate and location preferences for Actinomycetes and 13 mould genera

Maria Nunez

Brisbane, July 2012

Which site is susceptible to microbial contamination?

STOP THE CONTAMINATION AT ITS SOURCE!

Macroclimate

Microclimate

Material characteristics

Microbial biology

Microbial interactions

RF 0-12 ºC 12-25 ºC

75-80 % Penicillium Aspergillus

80-90 % Aspergillus versicolor

Cladosporium

Ulocladium Alternaria

> 90 % Stachybotrys

Chaetomium

The most common genera indoors

Grant 1989

Cladosporium

Penicillium

Aspergillus

Actinomycetes

Chaetomium

Stachybotrys

Acremonium

Ulocladium

Ascotricha

Eurotium

Myxotrichum

Chrysosporium

Trichoderma

Hyalodendron

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

22%

15%

15%

11%

9%

7%

7%

6%

3%

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%

SUBSTRATE (%)

Paint

Fibreboard

Chipboard

Vinyl/Linoleum

Concrete

Wind barrier

Wall paper

Gypsum board

Wood

Unknown

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

0,7

2,4

3,7

3,8

5,8

6,5

6,8

10,6

27

32,7

ROOM LOCATION (%)

Crawl space

Kitchen

Attic

Bathroom

Basement

Warm room

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

4,4

6

7,3

10,6

27,6

44,1

CONSTRUCTION (%)

Wall against dry room

Window sill

Floor

Wall against wet room

Ceiling

Outer wall

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

0,3

2,7

11,5

12

19,2

54,2

11032 collections (2001-2006) Location = room + construction

Concrete

Gypsum board

Others

Wind barrier

Wall paper

Wood

Acremonium substratesAttic, ceiling

Basement, ceiling

Basement, outer wall

Bathroom, wall against wet room

Crawl space, ceiling

Kitchen, wall against wet room

Warm room, ceiling

Warm room, floor

Warm room, outer wall

Others (<6%)

Acremonium locations

Actinomycetes

On concrete (39,5%) and wood (23,7%) Outer wall in basements (57%)

Basement, ceiling

Basement, floor

Basement, outer wall

Bathroom, wall against wet room

Crawl space, ceiling

Kitchen, wall against wet room

Warm room, floor

Warm room, outer wall

Others (<6%)

Wind barrierConcreteFibreboardGypsum boardVinyl/linoleumWall paperWoodOthers

Ascotricha

On gypsum boards (41,2%) and wood (30,5%)

Insulated outer walls in basements (83,5%)

Attic, ceiling

Basement, outer wall

Crawl space, ceiling

Warm room, outer wall

Others (<6%)

Wind barrier

Chipboard

Concrete

Gypsum board

Wall paper

Wood

Others

Aspergillus

Wood (35%) and wall paper (14,8%), but on all porous substrates

Outer walls (59%) in warm rooms (37%) and basements (22%)

Attic, ceiling

Basement, ceiling

Basement, floor

Basement, outer wall

Bathroom, wall against wet room

Crawl space, ceiling

Kitchen, wall against wet room

Warm room, ceiling

Warm room, floor

Warm room, outer wall

Others (<6%)

Wind barrierChipboardConcreteGypsum boardVinyl/linoleumWall paperWoodOthers

Penicillium

Many substrates, mainly wood (48%)

Mainly on outer walls in warm rooms (40%)

Attic, ceiling

Basement, ceiling

Basement, floor

Basement, outer wall

Bathroom, wall against wet room

Crawl space, ceiling

Kitchen, floor

Kitchen, wall against wet room

Warm room, ceiling

Warm room, floor

Warm room, outer wall

Others (<6%)

Wind barrier

Chipboard

Gypsum board

Vinyl/linoleum

Wall paper

Wood

Others

Chaetomium

On chipboard (30,6%) and wood (30%) Walls against wet rooms (31%)

Basement, ceiling

Basement, outer wall

Bathroom, floor

Bathroom, wall against wet room

Kitchen, floor

Kitchen, wall against wet room

Warm room, ceiling

Warm room, floor

Warm room, outer wall

Warm room, wall against wet room

Others (<6%)

Wind barrier

Chipboard

Gypsum board

Vinyl/linoleum

Wall paper

Wood

Others

Chrysosporium

On wood (34%) and wind barriers (27%)On ceilings in cold places (64%), mainly basements (29%)

LOCATION

Attic, ceiling

Basement, ceiling

Basement, outer wall

Crawl space, ceiling

Warm room, ceiling

Warm room, outer wall

Others (<6%)

Wind barrierChipboardFibreboardWall paperWoodOthers

Cladosporium

On wood in attics (89%) and concrete in basements (37,7 %)

On outer walls (57%) in warm rooms (36%) and basements (21%)

Attic, ceiling

Basement, ceiling

Basement, outer wall

Bathroom, ceiling

Bathroom, wall against wet room

Crawl space, ceiling

Warm room, ceiling

Warm room, outer wall

Warm room, window sill

Others (<6%)

Wind barrier

Concrete

Fibreboard

Gypsum board

Paint

Wall paper

Wood

Others

Hyalodendron

On wood (93%) Mainly ceilings in cold attics (89%)

Attic, ceiling

Basement, ceiling

Basement, outer wall

Warm room, ceiling

Warm room, outer wall

ChipboardFibreboardWood

Myxotrichum

On wind barriers (58%) and wood (30%)

In basements and crawl spaces (61%), mainly inside isolated outer walls in basements (36%)

Basement, ceiling

Basement, outer wall

Bathroom, floor

Bathroom, wall against wet room

Crawl space, ceiling

Warm room, ceiling

Warm room, floor

Warm room, outer wall

Others (<6%)

Wind barrierConcreteWoodOthers

Stachybotrys

On gypsum boards in bathrooms (64,7%) Walls against wet rooms (39%)

Basement, ceiling

Basement, outer wall

Bathroom, floor

Bathroom, wall against wet room

Kitchen, floor

Kitchen, wall against wet room

Warm room, ceiling

Warm room, floor

Warm room, outer wall

Others (<6%)

Wind barrier

Gypsum board

Vinyl/linoleum

Wall paper

Wood

Others

Trichoderma

On wood (51%) and woodboards (23%)Mainly on outer walls and floors in warm rooms (58%)

Attic, ceiling

Basement, outer wall

Bathroom, ceiling

Bathroom, wall against wet room

Kitchen, wall against wet room

Warm room, ceiling

Warm room, floor

Warm room, outer wall

Others (<6%)

ChipboardFibreboardGypsum boardWall paperWoodOthers

Ulocladium

Mainly on gypsum board (32%) and wall paper (26%)

On outer walls (74%), mainly in warm rooms (60%)

Basement, outer wall

Bathroom, ceiling

Bathroom, wall against wet room

Kitchen, wall against wet room

Warm room, ceiling

Warm room, floor

Warm room, outer wall

Others (>6%)

Wind barrierConcreteFibreboardGypsum boardWall paperWoodOthers

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USE MICROORGANISMS AS INDICATORS OF WATER CASUALTIES

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