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approximately 7,900 species
habitats includes deserts,
forests, freshwater wetlands,
mangroves and open ocean
Reptiles are cold-blooded animals
Characteristics of a Reptile
many are egg-bearing
some bear live young
breathe through lungs; they normally
have two lungs, but some snakes only
have one
rows of identical teeth
dry, scaly, impermeable skin (keratin)
mostly carnivorous (insectivorous)
Integumentary System
Reptiles have thick and protective skin
Their scales are made of keratin.
Reptiles have few specified glands. The
ones they do have usually secrete
pheromones.
Digestive System
The digestive system of a reptile depends on what
kind of food it eats.
Meat eaters have a very simple stomach and a short
intestine.
Plant eaters, like turtles, have a more complicated
stomach and long intestines.
Crocodiles have large stomach
muscles because they have to
chew the flesh they eat into
small pieces.
Circulatory System
The circulatory system of a reptile is composed of two loops.
1. The pulmonary loop carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the heart.
2. The systemic loop transports oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Cont…….
Deoxygenated and oxygenated blood are kept
separate during contraction of the heart by the actions
of the heart valves and the movement of the septum
and ventricular walls.
It is advantageous for a reptile to divert blood away
from the lungs to conserve energy.
-For example, an inactive reptile needs so little
oxygen that it may go a long time without
breathing.
Similarly, aquatic reptiles do not breathe while they are
underwater.
Under these conditions, the heart pumps blood to the
body while reducing circulation through the lungs.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Order: Testudinata
Order: Crocodilia
Order: Rhynchocephalia
Order Squamata
Suborder:
Serpents (snake)
and Lacertilian (lizards)
Suborder Serpents- Snake
~2125 species
no limbs
no external ear openings
or eyelids
ribs extend the entire length
of the vertebral column
all are carnivorous
Some snakes have an “extra” pair of eye
(more correctly, sensory organs) located on
the forehead that can detect infrared
radiation.
They can “see” the heat of
a mouse from a meter away,
even in conditions where our
eyes would see only pitch
dark.
Anatomy of a snake
Suborder Lacertilia- Lizards 5,000 different species
Due to their extremely tuned eyesight, many species
of lizard have highly acute color vision.
Most species of lizard are harmless to humans with
the exception of the komodo dragon, which is the
largest species of lizard in the world.
some species of lizard can shed their tails when they
are in danger, but not all species
of lizard are capable of doing this.
Order Testudinata (Chelonia)
Turtles and tortoise
has a shell consisting of
plastron and carapace
composed of bony underneath
and horny epidermal scales
called scutes
cryptodira: “hidden-necked” turtles which retract their
necks into the shell
pleurodira: “side-necked” turtles which wrap their
heads around the side of the shell
some predaceous, some herbivorous
Cont……
all oviparous with no parental care
some live over 100 years and weigh
over 600 lbs –
~240 species in the world
males are smaller than females
female plastron convex, male’s
concave
males have longer claws
Family of Order TestudinataFamily Chelydridae –
snapping turtles
Family Emydidae -
freshwater and box
turtles
Cont….
Family Kinosternidae –
mud and musk turtles
Family Trionychidae
- softshell turtles
Anatomy of a Turtle
Order Crocodilia from Greek: “ krokodeilos ”
meaning pebble worm
largest with regard to length,
up to 20 ft
21 species
4 heart chambers
Single croc can go through
3,000 teeth in its lifetime
Predaceous
ingested food not chewed - enters a gizzard that
contains stones to grind the food
three subfamilies:1. Crocodylinae - tropical
crocodiles: distinguished
by relatively pointed
snout
2. Alligatorinae -
alligators and
caimens: snout
more blunt
3. Gavialinae- gavial or gharial- snout beak-like
Only one species of Gavial: Gavialis gangeticus
Order: Rhynchocephalia
The Tuatara
Only one genus:
Sphenodon
Inhabit a few
islands in New
Zealand
The Tuatara characteristics:
small to medium sized reptile
lizard-like appearance
generally green or brown in
color and can grow up to a meter
in length
Long lived: 60 to 100 years or
more
Adults live in underground
burrows and are nocturnal.
tuatara also has a third eye on
the top of it's head
Cont….
known to eat their offspring
Carnivorous
the tuatara only mates
every 4 or 5 years and lack a
copulatory organ - mate by
repressing the cloaca
The female lays about a
dozen leathery eggs which
she digs into the ground.
The eggs of the tuatara often
take more than a year to hatch.
Thanks for listening!!
By Sharon M. Ballasiw
References
The Integumentary System Skin
www.raleighcharterhs.org/.../The%20Integumentary%20System.ppt
Retrieved on February 20, 2015
integument | biology :: Reptiles | Encyclopedia Britannica
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/289723/integument/.../Reptiles
Retrieved on February 20, 2015
Reptile reproduction
www.esf.edu/efb/gibbs/efb485/ reproduction_reps.pdf
Retrieved on February 21, 2015
nervous system - Reptiles - Google Sites
https://sites.google.com/site/reptilesproject582012/nervous-system
Retrieved on February 21, 2015
Reptiles | Physical Features | How Reptiles Live
www.english-online.at/biology/reptiles/reptiles-body-features.htm
Retrieved on February 21, 2015
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