Punjab The Land of rivers

PunjabThe land of five rivers …..

• Introduction.• History• Dresses.• Punjabi cuisine.• Music.• Games.• Folk tails.• Language• literature• Historical places.• Sufi Saint

Contents

INTRODUCTION

• Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan.

• Its name is derived from the Persian word PENJ – AB , meaning “five river”

• Various casts like Muslim Rajput, Juts, Gujjar, Khatri etc. • Agriculture, the largest sector of Punjab's economy. 

HistoryPunjab was a part of subcontinent during 16 century and at this time there was a ruler ship of Mughal emperor in the subcontinent.

• 1540–1545: Sher Shah Suri was the founder of the Sur Empire in North India, son of Hassan Khan Suri Sher Shah took control of the Mughal Empire in 1540 he defeated humayun and took over the throne in 1540 flourished the subcontinent both politically and economically.

• Founder of Rohtas Fort located in Punjab • Issued the first Rupiya

History • 1545–1554: Islam Shah Suri

was the second ruler of the Sur dynasty which ruled part of India in the mid-16th century. His original name was Jalal Khan and he was the second son of Sher Shah Suri.

• 1555–1556: Nasiruddin Muhammad Humayun

was the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, ruled from 1531 - 1540 and again from 1555 – 1556 devoted himself to the affairs of the kingdom and towards improving the system of government.

History• 1556–1556: Hem Chandra Vikramaditya also  known as Hemu Vikramadity was a Hindu general  and Chief Minister of Adil  Shah Suri of  the Suri Dynasty. Hemu had fought twenty two battles with the opponents of Adil Shah and was victorious in all of them.

• 1556–1605: Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar

Abu'l-Fath Jalal ud-din Muhammad Akbar, popularly known as Akbar was Mughal Emperor from 1556 until his death. He was the third and one of the greatest rulers of the Mughal Dynasty  During his rule, the Mughal empire tripled in size and wealth. He created a powerful military system and instituted effective political and social reforms.•

history• 1605–1627: Nooruddin Muhammad Jahangir

Jahangir was the eldest surviving son of Mughal Emperor Akbar.Jahangir built on his father's foundations of excellent administration and his reign was characterised by political stability, a strong economy and impressive cultural achievements.

• 1627–1658: Shahaabuddin Muhammad Shah Jahan

Mirza Shahabuddin Baig Muhammad Khan Shah Jahan was the fifth Mughal Emperor. he was the son of Emperor JahangirThe period of his reign was considered the golden age of Mughal architecture. Shah Jahan erected many monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, built in 1632–1654 as a tomb for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal

History

•1658–1707: Mohiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir

Abu'l Muzaffar Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir considered the last effective Mughal Emperor. He ruled over most of the  subcontinent Aurangzeb's policies partly abandoned the legacy of pluralism, which remains a very controversial aspect of his reign and led to the downfall of the Mughal Empire.

•1707: The rule by the Mughal empire is weakened

1748 – 1761 and then 1769

Major ups and downs

Indian Campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani. The Sikhs and the Durrani empire in close competition for gaining control of the region. Battle of Gohalwar (Amritsar,1757).

• 1761 : The Third Battle of Panipat, Battle of Sialkot (1761), Battle of Gujranwala (1761), Battle of Sialkot (1763)

• 1762: The 2nd Sikh holocaust, referred to as "Ghalughara" by Sikhs, from Ahmed Shah's 6th invasion

History

• 1764–1799: Contesting of Punjab between Afghans and Sikh Misls

• 1799–1839: Rule over Punjab by the Sikhs, led by Maharaja Ranjit Singh

• 1849: Annexation of Punjab - The British Empire annexed Punjab

• 1849 onwards: British India established

History

Independence movement started

• 1947: Pakistan got independent and the Punjab under subcontinent was divided into two parts the Eastern part (or two rivers) became the Indian Punjab and the Western majority part (3 rivers) the Pakistan Punjab

History

LANGUAGES IN PUNJAB

• Punjabi is the most spoken language of Pakistan. Punjabi is spoken as first language by over 44.15% of Pakistanis. Punjabi’s are dominant in key institution such as business, agriculture, industry, government , army, navy, air force and police which is why about 70% can understand or speak Punjabi.

ASPECTS OF PUNJAB CULTURE: Languages Music Traditions Historical places Literature Food Dressing Festivals Saints Sports rituals

MusicDHOL IS A MOJAR INSTUMENT IN PUNABI MUSIC , ALONG WITH SITAR, TABLA, BANSURI

CLASSICAL MUSIC FORMS AN IMPORTANT PART.BHANGRA,MALWAI, SAMMI , KIKLI, LUDDI , ARE COMMON DANCES 

Punjabi foods

Lahori chargha Payee Makki di roti sarso da sag

Lassi

Traditional dresses

Lacha, Ghagra, Choli, Khusa, Dhoti Shalwar

Pagri, Dhoti, Khusa, Koti, Kurta

WEDDING TRADITIONS OF PUNJAB

Punjab culture is rich with rituals

The pre-wedding rituals include mangni, dholki, mehendi and ubtan.

The wedding process includes sarbala, sehrabandi, nikah and juta chupai.

The dhol ( balay balay and bhangra) is an obvious part of Punjabi’s wedding.

Sports• Kabaddi

• Pailduch

• Gillidanda

Literature Of Punjab

Punjabi poetry is renowned for its extremely deep meaning, beautiful, exciting and hopeful us of words. The larger number of Punjabi poetry works are being translated throughout the world into many languages.

Some of our famous poets are:• Waris shah’s contribution to Punjabi literature is best-known for his seminal work in heer ranjha

• Bulleh shah was a Punjabi sufi poet, a humanist and philosopher.

Fair and festival of Punjab

basant: is a seasonal festival to welcome the spring. And traditional colour of the day is yellow and the dish of the day is saffron rice

lohri: is the winter harvest festival and it is the traditional time to harvest sugarcane is in winter. The festival also is the symbolic celebration of the winter

The most important urs are: urs of ganj buksh, hazrat sultan bahoGanj shaker and many more. Others include basant, mela, national horse and cattle show, defence day parade

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Minar-e-Pakistan is situated in Iqbal park Lahore,:Minar-e-Pakistan was built to commemorate the Lahore resolution which on 23rd march 1940

HISTORICAL PLACES OF PUNJAB:

Badshahi Mosque:It is the second largest mosque of Pakistan, located in provincial capital Lahore of Punjab. It was built in 1673 A.D. by the sixth Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir.

SHEIK FARID-UD-DIN:SheihkFarid-ud-din(1173-1265) was the first Sufi poet who "sang of his insatiable hunger for the love of the Lord in word of immoral beauty

Famous Sufi saints of Punjab

SYED BULLEH SHAH :Syed bulleh shah (1680_1758) was the famous sufi poet of Punjab.in Punjabi, he versified the popular love-tragedies of Punjab to describe and acclaim the 'Kamal Ishq' (perfect love) of their heroes and heroines (viz. Sassi & Punnu, Heer & Ranjha, Sohni & Mahiwal, Shirin & Farhad).