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Native Ornamental Flora of Pakistan
Muhammad Behzad Rafiq2009-ag-2684
Bot-715
Natives• Naturally occurring plants in a particular region.
• Developed, naturalized or existed for many years in an area.
• Part of natural landscape of that area due to:– Evolution– Seed dispersal by birds, animals, wind, or water.
• Many native plants are very beautiful but underused in landscape or as cut flowers.
Potential of Pakistan Native Ornamental Species
• Diversity of flora and climate of comparable size
• 6000 native species of flowering plants reported in Flora of
Pakistan found wildly in different phytogeographical
regions
• Acclimatized well in our regions
• Easily grow with minimal care and less water, fertilizer and
pesticide.
• The only need is to collect and commercialize them.
• Patent Rights and registration
Gwarikh (Wild Tulip)• B.N: Tulipa uniflora • Family: Liliaceae
• Diagnostic featuresHerb annual, bulbiferous, 2-6 strap shape
waxy leaves, 12-20 inch plant, cup shape flower, 3 sepals, 5 petals, red and yellow of colors• Habitat
Climate with long cool spring and dry summers, Dormancy period, 3-4ft deep• Distribution
Salt range and Baluchistan (Quetta) • Importance
Cut flower, bedding plant, salad, bulbs for cooking, dry bulb powder
Jangli Piaz (football lily) • B.N: Allium capsicum• Family: Liliaceae
• Diagnostic featuresHerbs annual, bulbiferous, 2-6 strap shape
leaves, 12-20 inch plant, Umbel flower, like foot ball, purple in colour• Habitat
Climate with long cool spring and dry summers, Dormancy period, 3-4ft deep• Distribution
Salt range and Baluchistan (Quetta) • Importance
Cut flower, bedding plant, salad, bulbs for cooking, medicine
Karoskai• B.N: Berberis baluchistanica• Family: Berberidaceae
• Diagnostic featuresPerennial shrub, lobed leaves, cluster of
flowers in yellow colourHabitat
dry regions• Distribution
Baluchistan, Punjab• Importance
Ornamental plant, antibacterial, treatments of Escherichia coli, stimulate digestion, reduce gastrointestinal pains
Poppy (post)• B.N: Papaver dubium• Family: Papaveraceae• Diagnostic features
Herbs annual, pinnately lobed leaves, solitary cup shape flower, red in colour• Habitat
Subtropical, temperate well drained soil• Distribution
Baluchistan, northern areas• Importance
Landscape plant, tea, oil, extracted from the seeds, used by artists as a medium for colours, red dye, drugs, medicine
Somlatha• B.N: Ephedra distachya• Family: Ephedraceae• Diagnostic features
Evergreen shrub growing to 1 m, Branchlets green, ascending, striate, smooth, flowers cluster obtuseHabitat
Semi-desert and desert regions Distribution
provincial flower of the BalochistanImportance
ornamental, tea, treatment of asthma, hay fever, and the common cold, relieve acute muscular pains
Gul-e-Nargis (Wild Narcissus)• B.N: Narcissus poeticus• Family: Amaryllidaceae
• Diagnostic featuresHerbs perennial, bulbiferous, Leaves
basal, linear, 12-20 inch plant, hollow stem, actinomorphic solitary flower, white and yellow, • Habitat
Temperate climate, Dormancy period, low marshes to rocky hillsidesDistribution
Northern areas, Murree, Islambad, Importance
Cut flower, bedding plant, fragrant, salad, bulbs for cooking, medicine
(Wild Iris)• B.N: Iris hookeriana• Family: Iridaceae
• Diagnostic featuresHerbs perennial, bulbiferous, 2-6 strap
shape waxy leaves, 12-20 inch plant, blue and white solitary flowers• Habitat
Temperate to subtropical, alpine measows• Distribution
Murree, Islambad, Hazara, Chitral• Importance
Cut flower, bedding plant, salad, bulbs for cooking, juice for cosmetics,
Monks hood• B.N: Aconitum chasmanthum• Family: Ranunculaceae
• Diagnostic featuresTall herb perennial, leaves 3-lobed with
coarse sharp teeth, 2 to 4 petal blue flowers, 3-5 carplesHabitat
Temperate, moisture-retentive but well-draining soils• Distribution Kashmir, Kaghan, Chitral, Gilgit in august• Importance
Landscape plant, roots provide poison, use for hunting, use in medicines
Delphinium• B.N: Delphinium roylei• Family: Ranunculaceae
• Diagnostic features4 m tall herb perennial, leaves deeply
lobed , blue flowers, erect racemed inflorence, Habitat
Temperate, well-draining soils• DistributionSawat, Hazara, Kaghan, Chitral, Murree in august, plains of punjab in march• Importance
Landscape plant, Cut flower, roots provide poison, treat intestinal worms, as a sedative to cause relaxation.
Granny's Bonnet• B.N: Aquilegia fragrans• Family: Ranunculaceae
• Diagnostic featuresHerb perennial, leaves compound, solitary
flowers, purple, white, blue noddingHabitat
Temperate, meadows, wetlands• DistributionSawat, Hazara,, Chitral, Murree in august, Importance
Landscape plant, flowers are sweets use in salads, tea, treatment of affections of the nervous system
Butter cup• B.N: Ranunculus acris • Family: Ranunculaceae
• Diagnostic featuresAnnual herb, lobed leaves, solitary
flowers, yellow, white, red etc, Habitat
Temperate, high alpine environments• DistributionSawat, Hazara, Chitral, Murree in august, Importance
Landscape plant, cut flower, ongoing (chronic) skin problems, nerve pain and bronchitis.
Peony• B.N: Paeonia emodi• Family: Paeoniaceae• Diagnostic features
50 cm tall shrub, white and yellow flowers solitary, 10 petals, • Habitat
Moist, shady slopesDistribution
Chitral, Sawat, kaghan, Hazara, KashmirImportance
Ornamental plants, medicinal plant used in the treatment of hypertension, asthma, uterine diseases, used as an anticoagulant.
Sophora• B.N: Saphora mollis• Family: Fabaceae• Diagnostic features
Small tree, yellow flowers in clusters, seeds pods are like legumes • Habitat
Temperate, subtropical, shady areas• Distribution
Salt range, Islambad, Murree, Naran, Kaghan, ChitralImportance
ornamental plant, woody cut flower, hedge, screening, specimen plant
Blue Ppppy • B.N: Meconopsis aculeate• Family: Papaveraceae• Diagnostic features
Prickly perennial herb, 40-60 cm tall, radical leaves, solitary cup shape flower, blue in colour• Habitat
Temperate, shade, alpine rocks, steep places• Distribution
Hazara, Gilgit, Chitral, SawatImportance
Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant, anti-inflammatory
Musk Rose• B.N: Rosa brunonii• Family: Rosaceae• Diagnostic features
Shrub with usually climbing stems up to 10 m long, narrowly ovate leaves, serrated margins, flowers in cluster, white, • Habitat
Temperate, marshy araes• Distribution
Murree, Northern areas of pakistanImportance
ornamental plant, hips tea, oil,
Azalea• B.N: Rhododendron ponticum• Family: Ericaceae• Diagnostic features
small tree growing to 5 m, leaves are evergreen, 6 to 18 cm long and 2 to 5 cm, violet-purple flower, with small greenish-yellow spots• Habitat
Temperate, alpineDistribution
provincial flower of the Azad jammu Kashmir, Murree, Kaghan ValleyImportance
ornamental tree, rootstock, toxic
Chir• B.N: Pinus roxburghaii• Family: Pinaceae• Diagnostic features
30–50 m long tree, bark is red-brown, scales, male and female cone• Habitat
Temperate, slopes mountains, • Distribution
North-West Frontier Province, Azad Kashmir, Margalla Hills, Islamabad, MurreeImportance
Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant, timber, fuel, furniture
Juniper• B.N: Juniperus excelsa• Family: Cupressaceae• Diagnostic features
6–20 metres tall tree, broadly conical to rounded or irregular crown, needle-like leaves, cones are berry-likeHabitat
Temperate, slopes mountains, • Distribution
North-West Frontier Province, Azad Kashmir, Margalla Hills, Islamabad, MurreeImportance
Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant, timber, fuel, furniture, seed and leave oil
Silver Fir• B.N: Abies pindrow• Family: Pinaceae• Diagnostic features
40–60 metres talltree, conical crown with level branches, greyish-pink needle leaves, cones• Habitat
Temperate, hills, slopes mountains, • Distribution
North-West Frontier Province, Azad Kashmir, Margalla Hills, Islamabad, MurreeImportance
Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant, timber, fuel, furniture
Deodar• B.N: Cedrus deodara• Family: Pinaceae• Diagnostic features
40–50 metres tall tree, conical crown with level and drooping branches, bright green to glaucous blue-green needle leaves, cones• Habitat
Temperate, hills, slopes mountains, • Distribution
North-West Frontier Province, Islamabad, MurreeImportance
Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant, timber, fuel, furniture
Chinar• B.N: Platanus orientalis• Family: Platanaceae• Diagnostic features
30 m tall tree, spreading crown. Maple like deeply lobed leaves, cones• Habitat
Temperate, hills, slopes mountains, • Distribution
North-West Frontier Province, Islamabad, MurreeImportance
ornamental plant, timber, fuel, furniture, construction, roofing
Whorl flower• B.N: Morina longifolia• Family: Morinaceae• Diagnostic features
evergreen Perennial growing to 0.6 m, flowers are hermaphrodite, leaves have spinesHabitat
open slopes, sami shadeDistribution
provincial flower of the NWFPImportance
ornamental, stem, leaves and flowers are used in the treatment of stomach disorders such as indigestion giving rise to vomiting and nausea.
Bhekkar• B.N: Justicia adhatoda• Family: Acanthaceae• Diagnostic features
Shrub with lance-shaped leaves 10 to 15 cm, oppositely arranged, smooth-edged, and borne on short petioles, white flowersHabitat
Subtropical, Dry plains• Distribution
provincial flower of the PunjabImportance
Ornamental, leaves contain alkaloids, bronchodilator, acting as a respiratory stimulant to help breathing issues.
Water crowfoots• B.N: Batrachium trichophyllum• Family: Ranunculaceae
• Diagnostic featuresAquatic , needle like leaves, white and
yellow flower, 5 petals• Habitat
wetlands, ponds• Distribution
Northern Punjab, NWFP, northern BaluchistanImportance
Part of natural landscape, water gardens
Water lily• B.N: Nymphaea mexicana• Family: Nymphaeaceae
• Diagnostic featuresAquatic , sub orbicular leaves floating on
water level, white yellow flowers, • Habitat
fresh water• Distribution
Punjab, Sindh, Kashmir• Importance
Part of natural landscape, water gardens, symbol, antiseptic, treatment of diarrhea, sedative effect on the nervous system
Kanwal (Lotus)• B.N: Nelumbo nucifera• Family: Nymphaeaceae
• Diagnostic featuresAquatic , orbicular leaves above the water
level, white pink flowers, • Habitat
wetlands, ponds• Distribution
Punjab, Sindh• Importance
Part of natural landscape, water gardens, edible, salads, fibers, symbol
Water hyacinth• B.N: Eichhornia crassipes• Family: Pontederiaceae
• Diagnostic featuresAquatic , sub orbicular leaves floating on
water level, light purple solitary flowers, • Habitat
Mashie areas, ponds• Distribution
Punjab, provisional flower of Sindh, Kashmir• Importance
Part of natural landscape, water gardens, symbol, poisonous, use in medicine
Lantana• B.N: Lantana camara• Family: Verbenaceae• Diagnostic features
small perennial shrub which can grow to around 2m in height, small tubular shaped flowers 4 petals, make cluster, leaves are egg-shaped have hairs• Habitat
subtropical, full sunDistribution
Punjab, drought areas of BaluchistanImportance
ornamental plant, leaves are boiled and applied for swellings and pain of the body. Bark is use as lotion for skin diseases
Jangli Khajoor• B.N: Phoenix sylvestris• Family: Arecaceae• Diagnostic features
4 to 15 m in heighted tree, leaves are 3 m long, gently recurved, inflorescence grows to 1m with white, unisexual flowers, fruit ripens to a purple-red colour• Habitat
Subtropical, dry areas• Distribution
Sindh, Punjab Importance
ornamental plant, fruit, mates, bags
Kair• B.N: Capparis decidua• Family: Capparaceae• Diagnostic features
small much branched tree or shrub, Leaves present on young twigs, orange to brick red colour flowers, spines • Habitat
desert, dry conditions,• Distribution
Thal deserts, Dry regions of Punjab Importance
ornamental plant, fruit in pickles, as vegetable, folk medicine,
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