Austin Biomolecules

WHAT ARE BIOMOLECULES?

Molecules are groups of atoms that contain more than one element and biomolecules involves in maintenance and metabolic processes of living organismsElements are atoms of one particular type (from the periodic table)

TYPES OF BIOMOLECULES

CarbohydratesLipids Proteins Nucleic acids

Made up of C,H,OFunction: source of energyExamples: sugar, rice, apples, breadPolymer: polysaccharide (carbohydrates)Monomer: monosaccharide

1. CARBOHYDRATES

TYPES OF CARBO HYDRATES1. Monosaccharides: single sugar.

Ex. Glucose, fructose, galactoseAka – simple sugars

2. Disaccharide: 2 simple sugarsEx. Sucrose (table sugar) maltose

3. Polysaccharides: 3 or more sugars Ex. Cellulose – used in cell wallsStarch stores energy in plantsGlycogen – stored energy in animals

2. LIPIDSMade of C,H,OFunction: Store energyExamples: wax, oil, butter, cholesterolStructure: 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

EXAMPLES OF LIPIDS

3. PROTEINSMade of C,H,O,NFunction: Building and repairing cells, speeds up or slows down chemical reactionsExamples: meat/muscle, hair, nails, enzymesPolymer: Polypeptide (proteins)Monomer: amino acid

EXAMPLE OF PROTIEN

4. NUCLEIC ACIDSMade of C,H,O,N,PFunction: Store genetic information, determines physical appearanceExample: DNA, RNA, ATP (energy)Polymer: nucleic acids Monomer: nucleotides

EXAMPLES OF NUCLIEC ACIDS