Africa: Water

AFRICAWATER

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BruceMcCormackBruceMcCormackConsulting

PresentationatWaternomics ConferenceINSIGHT,UniversityofGalway,Galway,Ireland

31January2017

AFRICAWHAT’SGOINGON

Population

POPULATIONGROWTH-

1.2b2.5b(2016approx.)34years(2050est.)

….38mannually….

WORLDPOPULATION2100(guestimate)

UN2100estimateAfrica…3.5b

Europe….700m

FERTILITYRATES

WHAT’SGOINGONUrbanisation

GLOBALURBANLEVELS…2011…

URBANISATIONLEVELS

….estimated450mrural>urbanpopulationadditionby2050(UNEP2016)….….another13mannually….

CITYSIZES2050FORECAST

….urbangrowthrate2010-15=4.2%pa(doublein17years)….….2014UNHABITATestimate203mlivinginslums….

FORMALURBANDEVELOPMENT….lotsofit

BUT……62%ofAfricapopulationliveininformalsettlements(urban&rural)

(UNHabitat2013)

CapeTown,SAfrica Lagos,Nigeria

INFORMALSETTLEMENT…majorexpandingissue…

KIBERA,NAIROBI

KIBERA

…approx.250000people…

KIBERAWATERCOURSES

KIBERAWATER&SANITATIONINFRASTRUCUTURE

WHAT’SGOINGONEconomy

GROSSDOMESTICPRODUCT2016

GDPPERCAPITA2015

ACCESSTOELECTRICITY(2010)

REALGDPGROWTH2016(IMF)

MASSIVEMISSMATCH

POPULATION2050 GDPNOW

WHAT’SGOINGONWater

VERYDRY…VERYDRY

WETMIXED

DRY&VERYDRY….MIXED

VARIATIONVARIATION

VARIATIONVARIATION

VARIATION VARIATIONVARIATION

VARIATION

VARIATION

VARIATIONVARIATION

WATERISSUES…someQUALITY------------------------------------------------------• SEDIMENTATION … eg overgrazing

• EUTROPHICATION…biodiversityloss,fishinglosses

• CHEMICALS,HEAVYMETALS• SOLIDWASTE…litter,medical,etc.

• SEWAGE …urbanareasparticularly

• WETLANDLOSS…water&biodiversitylossimplications

• RIVERBANKVEGITATIONLOSS• ZOONOSES ….potentialglobalthreats• GROUNDWATERQUALITY…pitlatrines• ETC…

QUANTITY----------------------------------------------------------• CAPTURE>STORAGE>DISTRIBUTION>USAGEISSUES…inefficienciesateachstage

• CLIMATECHANGE…bigchallenge• DESERTIFICATION …creeping

• VARIABILITY…floods/droughts• AQUIFERUSAGE…bigpotentialinsomeareas

• DAMS …canradicallyimpactonflows/availabilitydownstream+biodiversityimpacts

• ETC…

DEATHSDUETOWATERBORNEDISEASES

+- 970000…..PERANNUM+- 97000…..ANNUALLY……approx.GalwayCity2016populationdyingeachmonth ……

THECHALLENGETOUS….ALLOFUS….

HereinIrelandHereinEurope

Globally

SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTGOALS- WATERGOAL

ENSUREAVAILABILITYANDSUSTAINABLEMANAGEMENTOFWATERANDSANITATIONFORALL

TARGETS• 6.1By2030,achieveuniversalandequitableaccesstosafeandaffordabledrinkingwaterforall• 6.2By2030,achieveaccesstoadequateandequitablesanitationandhygieneforallandendopendefecation,payingspecial

attentiontotheneedsofwomenandgirlsandthoseinvulnerablesituations• 6.3By2030,improvewaterqualitybyreducingpollution,eliminatingdumpingandminimizingreleaseofhazardouschemicals

andmaterials,halvingtheproportionofuntreatedwastewaterandsubstantiallyincreasingrecyclingandsafereuseglobally• 6.4By2030,substantiallyincreasewater-useefficiencyacrossallsectorsandensuresustainablewithdrawalsandsupplyof

freshwatertoaddresswaterscarcityandsubstantiallyreducethenumberofpeoplesufferingfromwaterscarcity• 6.5By2030,implementintegratedwaterresourcesmanagementatalllevels,includingthroughtransboundarycooperationas

appropriate• 6.6By2020,protectandrestorewater-relatedecosystems,includingmountains,forests,wetlands,rivers,aquifersandlakes

• 6.aBy2030,expandinternationalcooperationandcapacity-building supporttodevelopingcountriesinwater- andsanitation-relatedactivitiesandprogrammes,includingwaterharvesting,desalination,waterefficiency,wastewatertreatment,recyclingandreusetechnologies

• 6.bSupportandstrengthentheparticipationoflocalcommunitiesinimprovingwaterandsanitationmanagement

WHATSHOULDGOON(techperspective)

LOWTECH HIGHTECH…AND…

TECHNOLOGYLEAP…..itspossible

TECHNOLOGYLEAP…..itshappenedbefore

VISIONandPOLICYFRAMEWORK

…technologyseenasakeydriver…

OURTODO LIST

VIA…..

---IRELANDInc------ EUROPEANUNION---

--- OWNORGANISATION---

USEWATERNOMICS….…andotherknowledge/expertise

ITSCOMPLEX….noteasy….orquick

…butpossible…………

THANKYOU