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Seminar Presentation
DEVELOPMENT OF A SUN TRACKER
AJNAS KC
DOI: 10.1109/ISGT-LA.2013.6554440
IEEE Published in:Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LA), 2013 IEEE PES Conference, Sao Paulo
Date of Conference:15-17 April 2013
Author:Ribeiro, G.A.G. Univ. Fed. de Vicosa, Vicosa, Brazil da S Antonio, A. ; Moreira, T.M.S. ; Martins, G. ; Pereira, H.A.
SUN TRACKERAbstract
The power generated by a solar panel is directly related to the level of solar irradiance on the panel. Thus a system capable of tracking the solar movement improves the efficiency in the generated power. This work presents a study of solar radiation levels and the construction of a sun tracking prototype in order to follow the movement of the sun during the day and increase the power generated by the panel.
SUN TRACKERINTRODUCTION
The performance of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system is mostly dependent on climatic conditions.
❖ Angle of incident solar irradiance ❖ Temperature
SUN TRACKERWhy a solar tracker?
❖ To align the solar panel to the maximum power point for changes in the environment .
❖ Improves efficiency of the total system and increase power production.
SUN TRACKER
HOW?❖ Track the location of sun
• altitude angle β• azimuth angle φs
SUN TRACKER
Will this make a difference?
YES !
SUN TRACKER
How to track the sun ?
What we know : ❖ Sun rises in the East and sets in the West❖ Time of Sunrise and Sunset varies everyday
We have EQUATIONS , and we can predict all these precisely .
❖ EQUATIONS
SUN TRACKER
SUN TRACKER❖ Equations for Theoretical Solar
Irradiance :Stationary Panel
SUN TRACKER❖ Equations for Theoretical Solar Irradiance : One and
Two Axis
SUN TRACKER
❖ MATLAB SOFTWARE
❖ MATLAB Software was used to predict characteristics of solar irradiation using the above equations
❖ Results in numerical and graphical form were obtained
SUN TRACKER
SUN TRACKER❖ BUILDING OF PROTOTYPE : Aim : To construct a simple prototype :One axis sun tracker
Physical Design Consists of : Wooden Base
A freely rotating shaft
Solar Panel
Motor
Gear and tooth pulley system
SUN TRACKER
SUN TRACKER❖ DRIVE AND CONTROL STRATEGY
It Consist of : Micro controller : PIC 16F877
Motor Driver : ULN 2004
Display : 16x2 LCD
Stepper Motor : 15 Degree’s Step Angle
Battery : 12V
SUN TRACKER
Side Showing Display and switches for adjusting Time
SPYDER 8 : Communication channel port and power supply
SUN TRACKER❖ How it works?
Set the TIME and DATE in the control circuit and the algorithm would take over the control of the whole system
It would align the panel correspondingly , by calculating the sun rise, sun set and geometrical position of the sun.
SUN TRACKER❖ SYSTEM DATA ACQUISITION AND BUILT
SYSTEM❖ DAS : SPYDER 8 : An electronic measuring
system for PC’s
8 channels for Input and Output
Printer port
PC/Master port
Current Measurement : Honeywell CSLA1CF current sensor
SUN TRACKER❖ Build System
SUN TRACKER❖ EXPERIMENTAL STUDY Solar Panel used :
Stationary Panel set at inclination of 25° towards the geographical north.
Moving Panel was inserted to the Prototype .
SUN TRACKER❖ DATA COLLECTIONThe collected data for comparison between the fixed panel and tracking system were made on days 20, 21 and 22 August 2012, in the Viçosa (Minas Gerais). In this period of the year it is winter in Brazil.
SUN TRACKER❖ RESULTS ❖ Solar Irradiance Graph Using MATLAB for August 20
SUN TRACKER❖ RESULTS ❖ Solar Irradiance Graph Using MATLAB for August 21
SUN TRACKER❖ RESULTS ❖ Solar Irradiance Graph Using MATLAB for August 22
SUN TRACKER❖ RESULTS❖ Current generated on August 20
SUN TRACKER❖ RESULTS❖ Power generated
on August 20
SUN TRACKER❖ RESULTS❖ Current generated on August 21
SUN TRACKER❖ RESULTS❖ Power generated
on August 21
SUN TRACKER❖ RESULTS❖ Current generated on August 22
SUN TRACKER❖ RESULTS❖ Power generated
on August 22
SUN TRACKER❖ SUMMARY OF RESULTS
Average power produced during the Day
SUN TRACKER❖ CONCLUSION❖ A Solar tracker improves the Power generated.
❖ Even effective on cloudy days.
❖ Increase in power generated was more than 18%.
❖ Efficiency can be further improved using a stepper motor with smaller step angles
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