Integrative Medicine As Therapeutic Delivery of Drugs Using MEMS

By

Basanta Paudyal

M.Tech

ECE Department

SITE

Why need of MEMS in Medicine

Better and safer drug delivery system.

Easy drug delivery.

Controlled drug delivery.

Effective and safe use of drugs by delivering drugs to target places.

INTRODUCTION

1. MEMS application in medicine.

2. Engineered devices for drug delivery.

3. More intelligent mechanism of drug delivery.

MEMS DEFINITION. MEMS: micro electro mechanical system.

Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) is a technology that combines computers with tiny mechanical devices such as sensors, valves, gears, mirrors, and actuators embedded in semiconductor chips.

Components of MEMS

Fabrication Process

Adopted from IC (Integrated Circuits)

e.g. Almost all devices use silicon wafer as building material.

Photolithography

Some other process also used which are not used on IC fabrication process.

USE OF MEMS IN MEDICINE

Diagnostic purpose

e.g. Disease identification kit, Lab on chip etc

Therapeutic purpose

e.g. Facilitate growth of organ or tissue, Drug delivery etc

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM.

Drug delivery is approach, formulation, of technology, and system for transporting a pharmaceutical compound in the body as needed to safely achieve its desired therapeutic effect.

Typical plasma concentration time profile after an oral administration.

Cmax: Max concentration; tmax: time to Cmax: AUC, area under the curve; MEC: minimum effective concentration; MTC: maximum tolerated concentration

Traditional drug delivery

Traditional system of drug delivery delivers drugs to both healthy and non healthy part of body.

Side effects of drugs is maximum.

The dose level cannot be maintained at required level.

Difficulty in maintaining drug dose.

Toughness in taking medicine, increase in frequency of medicine can lead to missing dose.

Difficult to maintain steady state drug concentration.

Fluctuations may lead to under medicine or over medicine dose.

Effectiveness of drug delivery

Better and safer drug delivery system.

Effective and safe use of drugs by delivering it to target.

Easy to use for patient.

Closed loop system for drug delivery.

Minimize the side effects.

Automatic delivery of drugs.

Effective drug delivery

Drug Reservoir millimeter-sized reservoirs,

carved from silicon, are used to store drugs in new implantable devices for smart drug delivery. Tiny channels sealed by micro scale caps allow the drugs to escape.

Actuation Process

Light activated

Electromagnetically activated

Statically activated

Electrolysis

Piezoelectric crystal activated

Drug delivery by optical signal

Source: 978-1-4799-7955-4/15 ©2015 IEEE Korea Institute of Science and Technology)

Fig: multi-functional neural probe

Drug Delivery By Piezoelectric

Piezoelectric crystals produce ultrasonic waves to deliver droplet of drugs For Nebulizer

Fig: Drug deliveryFor Nebulizer

Source: 978-1-4799-7049-0/14 ©2014 IEEE

National Taiwan University

Drug Delivery By ElectrolysisElectrolysis of water molecules builds pressure for valve & drug is delivered.

Source: 978-1-4673-4842-3/13/c2013 IEEE

Fig: Drug delivery Device

University of Singapore)

Challenges

Protect drug , sensors and assembly until they are release or exposed.

Protect the controlling equipments from external energy which can trigger actuation process.

Easy for patient.

Further EnhancementDecreasing the size of MEMS to Nano size facilitates

1. More interaction of drugs with body so less dose required.

2.Interaction of drug at cell level rather than organ level.

3. Delivery of drug to only targeted area.

4. Facilitate the growth of organ or tissue effectively.

THANK YOU