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Health and Safety Executive
© Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory
Dust and the selection and use of RPE
6 July 2016
Nick Baxter with a guest appearance from FFRED
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
HSL is the commercial arm of the Health and Safety Executive, HSE. Our commercial work delivers high quality science to meet the needs of industry and government in the UK and overseas. Our commercial customers can commission services and research using our state-of-the- art scientific laboratory in Buxton, as well as analytical expertise from other parts of HSE’s science base.
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
• ~£40M turnover
• 550 acres (220 hectares)• Widest science base of any
equivalent European laboratory• Technical disciplines:
Fire & explosion Process safety & risk assessment Mathematical sciences Mechanical engineering & materials Electrical & control engineering
HSL: the dimensions
Analytical chemistry Occupational hygiene Medicine Human factors &
psychology Personal safety
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Overview of PPE activities
• Input to HSE guidance & advice• Incident investigations• Research and testing:
– Measuring PPE performance• Laboratory, simulated and workplace conditions
– Assessing PPE impact on wearer
• PPE training• Technical input to PPE Standards
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Training at HSL
• Over 50 courses• Health and wellbeing, human factors, major
hazards and process safety
• PPE and RPE essentials• Knowledge, understanding, legal
requirements, selection, PPE/RPE programme
• RPE fit testing• Introduction, advanced, technical and practical
skills
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
What types of dust are most hazardous?
• Some dusts are more harmful than others• Can develop health problems and
occupational disease
– Asbestos– Flour– Grain– Wood– Silica
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Respirable crystalline silica (RCS)
• Exposure to RCS occurs in many industries such as
– Construction and demolition– Quarrying– Foundries– Concrete product manufacturing– Grit and abrasive blasting
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
What is silica dust
Approximate crystalline silica content of different materialsSandstone 70-90%
Concrete, mortar 25-70%
Tile 30-45%
Granite 20-45%
Slate 20-40%
Brick Up to 30%
Limestone 2%
Marble 2%
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
How can RCS harm your health?
• Silicosis– Irreversible lung disease– Difficulty breathing
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)– Chronic bronchitis, emphysema with coughing and
phlegm– Breathlessness, chest tightness
• Lung cancer– Silicosis increases the risk
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Respiratory problems
• Exacerbations of underlying lung disease
• Irritant bronchitis
• Occupational asthma and rhinitis• Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
• COPD
• Pneumoconiosis (silicosos, mixed dust siderosis)
• Lung cancer
Weeks
Months
Years
Decades
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Should your employer protect you?
• Employers must comply with COSHH Regs 2002– Assess the risks– Prevent or control exposures– Substitute– Communicate risks– Records
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Regulations specific to RPE
• Be adequate and provide the wearer with effective protection
• Be suitable for the intended use• Be ‘CE’ marked• Be selected, used and maintained by trained
people• Be correctly stored
The law says that RPE used at work must:
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Adequate RPE
• RPE that is right for the hazard and reduces exposure to the level required to protect the wearer’s health– WEL not exceeded– Asthmagen or carcinogen ALARP
• If it can provide the necessary level of protection against the hazard so as to comply with the law
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Adequate RPE for Stone cutting?
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Suitable RPE
• RPE that is right for the wearer, task and environment, such that the wearer can work freely and without additional risks due to the RPE
• Considers: – Wearer
• Fit testing, vision, breathing resistance– Work-task
• Work-rate, vision requirements, other PPE– Work environment
• Communication, temperature, space to move– Minimum user impediment
• Weight, heat burden, restricted mobility– No additional risks
• e.g. trailing hoses, masking of alarms
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Suitable RPE for stone cutting?
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Suitable RPE for stone cutting?
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Suitable RPE for stone cutting?
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
‘CE’ - mark“Product” Directive designed to eliminate barriers to trade within Europe, while safeguarding health and safety
Identifier of Notified Body responsible for ongoing quality of product (Cat III only)
PPE satisfies the Basic Health and Safety Requirementsof the Directive
European Mark ofConformity
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
RPE – Use
• Use of control measures• COSHH Reg 8/CAR Reg 12/IRR Reg 8/PPE@W Reg 9/10/11
• Employer: Ensure correct use– Training– Compatibility of PPE– Observation/supervision– Remedial actions
• Employee: Correctly use the RPE– As trained/intended– Return & stored properly– Report defects
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
RPE – Use
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
RPE – Use
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
RPE – Use
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
RPE – Maintenance
• Maintenance, examination and testing of control measures
• COSHH Reg 9/CAR Reg 13/IRR Reg 10/PPE@W Reg 7
• Employer– Maintained in an efficient state, in good working
order, in good repair and in a clean condition– Examined & tested at suitable intervals– Records
Effectively in a condition where it is capable of providing the level of protection expected
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
RPE – Maintenance
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
RPE – Maintenance
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
RPE – Maintenance
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
RPE – Maintenance
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Adequate Storage?
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Adequate Storage?
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Fit Testing
Tight-fittingfacepieces
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Why do you need to fit test ?
• People have different size and shape of face
• Unlikely that one single design & size of facepiece will fit all users within a workforce
• No respirator is 100% leak proof
!! poor fit is a major contributor to reduced protection
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Aims of fit testing
• To match the facepiece to the wearer
• By selecting the right size and model for the wearer– helps to achieve a good fit – helps to select a comfortable mask
• Leads to enhanced protection hence reduced ill healthIn co
mpliance with the law
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
When to fit test ?
• Initial selection of RPE• Facepiece not tested previously• RPE change• Facial characteristics change• H&S policy requires it
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Fit Testing Methods
HSE 282/28 – validated methods
Two basic types:• Qualitative - provides a simple pass/fail based on
the wearer’s subjective assessment– wearer decides whether it fits or not based on
taste/smell– an assumed fit factor of 100 is applied to a pass
• Quantitative - provides an independent objective measure of the fit of the RPE– a numerical fit factor is generated by the fit testing device
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Qualitative Fit TestingBitrex or Saccharine test agent
Head
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Quantitative Fit Testing
- employs the ambient air particles as the challenge
- fit factors calculated from the measured particle concentrationTSI PortaCount
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
Key objectives of the Fit2Fit scheme…
Set minimum standards for fit testing
Increase the quality of fit testing
Provide independent assessment of individual RPD fit testers
To promote competent fit testing
Allow competent fit testers to be identified by employers
A method of assured compliance to the regulations
The Fit2Fit Scheme
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
HSL Miniature Sampler – under test
• 4.5 g , 15 mm long, omnidirectional inlet
Enabling a better working world
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
A new miniature sampler – under test
• A solution for workplace in-mask measurement
• Two papers submitted to the Annals of Occupational Hygiene
• NEXT STEP – pilot tests in the workplace
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
FFRED
FaceFit REspirator Demonstrator
HSL: HSE’s Health and Safety Laboratory © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016 © Crown Copyright, HSE 2016
QUESTIONS?
nicholas.baxter@hsl.gsi.gov.uk
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