Arduino introduction

Digital Signal

Processors

General-purpose Microprocessors Microcontrollers

Microprocessors

8086, Pentium I-IV, Core-duo, Atom, Sparc,..

8051, PIC, ATMEGA, AVR,.. TMS320XX

AD21XX,…

Type of Microprocessors

WHAT IS ARDUINO?

Why invented the Arduino boards ?

Arduino shield

GSM shield Arduino

GPS shield Arduino

Programming

Sketches

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Microcontroller

Arduino c

C programming

Important notes { } curly braces

Curly braces (also referred to as just "braces" or "curly brackets") define the beginning and end of

function blocks and statement blocks such as the void loop() function and the for and if statements.

Void Loop(){ Statements;}

; semicolon A semicolon must be used to end a statement and separate

elements of the program. A semicolon is also used to separate elements in a for loop.

int x = 13; // declares variable 'x' as the integer 13

/*… */ block comments Block comments, or multi-line comments, are areas of text ignored

by the program and are used for large text descriptions of code or comments that help others understand parts of the program. They begin with /* and end with */ and can span multiple lines.

/* this is an enclosed block comment don’t forget the closing comment - they have to be balanced! */

// line comments Single line comments begin with // and end with the next

line of code. Like block comments, they are ignored by the program and take no memory

space.

// this is a single line comment

Single line comments are often used after a valid statement to provide more information about what the statement

accomplishes or to provide a future reminder.

boolean (0, 1, false, true) char (e.g. ‘a’ -128 to 127) unsigned char (0 to 255)

byte (0 to 255) int (-32,768 to 32,767) unsigned int (0 to 65535)

word (0 to 65535) long (-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,648

unsigned long (0 to 4,294,967,295)

float -(3.4028235E+38 to

3.4028235E+38)double (currently same

as float)sizeof(myint) // returns 2

bytes

General Operators= (assignment operator)

+ (addition) - (subtraction)

(multiplication) */ (division)% (modulo)

== (equal to) != (not equal to)< (less than) > (greater than)

<= (less than or equal to)>= (greater than or equal to)

&& (and) || (or) ! (not)

x ++ // same as x = x + 1, or increments x by +1

x -- // same as x = x - 1, or decrements x by -1

x += y // same as x = x + y, or increments x by +y

x -= y // same as x = x - y, or decrements x by -y

x *= y // same as x = x * y, or multiplies x by y

x /= y // same as x = x / y, or divides x by y

Arduino c

C programming

Arduino c

C programming

Lecture 2

Microcontroller

Arduino c

C programming

Important notes { } curly braces

Define the beginning and end of function blocks and statement blocks such as the void loop() function and the for and if statements.

Void Loop(){ Statement;Statement;

}

; semicolon A semicolon must be used to end a statement and separate

elements of the program. A semicolon is also used to separate elements in a for loop.

int x = 13; // declares variable 'x' as the integer 13

/*… */ block comments Block comments, or multi-line comments, are areas of text ignored

by the program and are used for large text descriptions of code or comments that help others understand parts of the program. They begin with /* and end with */ and can span multiple lines.

/* this is an enclosed block comment don’t forget the closing comment - they have to be balanced! */

// line comments Single line comments begin with // and end with the next

line of code. Like block comments, they are ignored by the program and take no memory

space.

// this is a single line comment

Single line comments are often used after a valid statement to provide more information about what the statement

accomplishes or to provide a future reminder.

boolean (0, 1, false, true) char (e.g. ‘a’ -128 to 127) unsigned char (0 to 255)

byte (0 to 255) int (-32,768 to 32,767) unsigned int (0 to 65535)

word (0 to 65535) long (-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,648

unsigned long (0 to 4,294,967,295)

float -(3.4028235E+38 to

3.4028235E+38)double (currently same

as float)sizeof(myint) // returns 2

bytes

General Operators= (assignment operator)

+ (addition) - (subtraction)

(multiplication) */ (division)% (modulo)

== (equal to) != (not equal to)< (less than) > (greater than)

<= (less than or equal to)>= (greater than or equal to)

&& (and) || (or) ! (not)

Code Structures

Control statements • If statement • Switch case statement • While statement • Do …. While statement • For statement

• If statement • Switch case statement

• While statement • Do …. While statement • For statement

If statement One way selection

Example

If (score >= 60) grade = ‘P’ ;else grade = ‘F’ ;

Example

Two way selection

Multiple selections

Example

Important notes { } curly braces

Define the beginning and end of function blocks and statement blocks such as the void loop() function and the for and if statements.

Void Loop(){ Statement;Statement;

}

Compound statement (block of statements):

if (age > 18){

cout << "Eligible to vote." << endl;cout << "No longer a minor." << endl;

} else{

cout << "Not eligible to vote." << endl;cout << "Still a minor." << endl;

}

Example

Switch case statement switch structure

Example

• If statement • Switch case statement

• While statement • Do …. While statement • For statement

Example

• while Looping (Repetition) • do…while Looping (Repetition) Structure (continued)

Example

For statement

Infinite loop using while and for

for (;;)cout << "Hello" << endl;

While(1){cout << "Hello" << endl;}

Arduino c

C programming

Arduino c

C programming