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Apps for Behaviour Change
Andrew Nash GreenCityStreets.com TIDE and SUCCEED Conference
Leipzig
May 28, 2015
Outline
• Gamifica(on – a technique
• Behaviour change • Passive behaviour change: use • Ac(ve behaviour change: supply • Par(cipa(on: supplying sustainable transport
GamificaKon
• Gamifica(on applies the fun and addic)ng elements in games to real-‐world ac(vi(es.
• It focuses on the human in the system, as opposed to pure efficiency of the system.
• When it comes to playing games, kids have amazing work ethics. (Yu-‐Kai Chou)
• "gamifica(on is exci(ng because it promises to make the hard stuff in life fun” (Google).
Game QualiKes: to improve society
1. Urgent op(mism (challenging but possible tasks);
2. Social fabric (people tend to like people beVer aWer playing games with them);
3. Working on challenging tasks (people are happier when working hard);
4. Games provide epic meaning (akin to purpose in the real world).
Source: Jane McGonigal
Core Drives: Yu-‐Kai Chou -‐ Octalysis
1. Meaning (Wikipedia)
2. Challenges (points, badges, leaderboards); 3. Crea(vity and feedback (Lego); 4. Ownership (virtual goods, stamp collec(ng)
5. Social connec(on (compe((on, coopera(on, etc.);
6. Unpredictability & Curiosity 7. Scarcity 8. Loss avoidance
GamificaKon
• Not just for games: Game designers were first to iden(fy and use the techniques;
• Gamifica(on is extremely powerful;
• But, gamifica(on is also very complex: it’s much more than just adding points, badges and leaderboards to websites;
• Get professional advice!
Behaviour Change
Four stages of behaviour change:
1. Pre-‐contempla(ve stage
2. Contempla(ve stage
3. Prepara(on/ac(on stage 4. Maintenance stage
Source: MAX-‐SEM from EPOMM website
Stages of behaviour change: Example
1. Pre-‐contempla(ve: People with no inten(on to reduce their car use.
2. Contempla(ve: People thinking about reducing their car use.
3. Prepara(on/ac(on: People who have a strategy and/or have tried a strategy for reducing their car use (e.g. cycling to work).
4. Maintenance: People who have adopted the new behaviour and formed a new habit.
Source: MAX-‐SEM from EPOMM website
Passive behaviour change: Use sustainable transport.
AcKve behaviour change: Provide sustainable transport.
Passive: use sustainable transport
• Mobility management! • Apps and gamifica(on can help by: – Providing informa(on (how) – Encouraging behaviour change (why) – Maintaining new behaviour (support)
• Develop and apply apps, social networks and gamifica(on to mobility management.
AcKve: provide sustainable transport
• Informa(on technology has vastly increased the ability of people to par(cipate;
• This increased ability to par(cipate is revolu,onising society.
• Here are some cu0ng edge solu,ons …
How do people provide sustainable transport?
A. Provide informaKon & ideas B. Analyze data C. Decide (people collaborate) D. Act
InformaKon Analyze Decide Act
Support
A. Input: simple and ubiquitous
• Social media • ReporKng applicaKons • Sensor data
Chicago Transit Authority – TwiZer Feed
Zurich Public Transport Authority – Facebook Page
SeeClickFix page for San Francisco hVp://seeclickfix.com
Traffic Check hVp://www.trafficcheck.at/
User friendly features needed for mobile phone reporKng: • automaKc geo locaKon, • logical informaKon flow, • check boxes for data entry.
Meine Radspur, Vienna hVp://www.meineradspur.at/
Street Bump, Boston hVp://streetbump.org/
• City data – open data or scraped. • CiKzen data – cheap sensors.
B. Data: you can’t hide
CiKzen developed applicaKons and visualizaKons from open data. Stumble Safely, Washington D.C.
WayCount vehicle counter and sobware www.waycount.com
Smart CiKzen sensor and sobware hVp://www.smartci(zen.me/
• EducaKon – transport is complex • BeZer processes – mee(ng management • Increased engagement – more is beVer
C. Decide: collaborate efficiently
BusMeister … public transport learning hVp://greencitystreets.com
Improve Public Transport wiki … crowd-‐sourced informaKon about public transport. hVp://greencitystreets.com
VisualizaKon ... Par(cipatory Chinatown Boston
Using virtual reality to help understand city planning. hVp://www.par(cipatorychinatown.org/
VisualisaKon of street cross secKons... streetmix
hVp://streetmix.net
San Francisco Mind Mixer website www.improveSF.com
Shareabouts – geo collaboraKon openplans.org/work/shareabouts/
GreenCityStreets.com … Facebook-‐based collaboraKon
Loomio – public infrastructure for collaboraKve decision making www.loomio.org -‐ please support their crowd funding effort!
Ring Ride – Game to encourage par,cipa,on www.ringstrasse150.com
Grr-‐Grr-‐Bike – Game for educaKon + engagement. www.grr-‐grr-‐bike.com
D. Act: disrup,ve change
• InformaKon – TwiVer real (me transport • Civic organisaKon – 596 Acres, Casserole • Sharing society – P2P ridesharing • Crowd-‐sourced civic works – Kickstarter • DisrupKve businesses – Uber, Bridj
InformaKon exchange and organisaKon … 596 Acres
Using games to influence behaviour … Chromaroma (London)
Crowdfunding for civic improvements … Kickstarter
App-‐based public transport
Designing passionate, people-‐powered public services
Casserole is an example of how understanding ci,zens as producers as well as consumers leads to services that help communi(es turn the issues they’re passionate about into ways to be more self-‐sufficient and less invested in expensive public services.
Summary
1. Gamifica(on is a powerful tool for behaviour change.
2. Informa(on technology has fundamentally changed the role of government.
3. IT applica(ons enable ac(ve par(cipa(on – government must embrace this development.
4. Recognise that if you don’t do it – someone else will.
Andrew Nash develops engaging public par(cipa(on applica(ons and games designed to improve city livability and transport. • GreenCityStreets.com • Ringstrasse150.com/wp/ • AndyNash.com
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