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Case Study : Delhi Metro Airport Express Line
Bhaskar Bhattacharya
Phases
Background : Delhi Metro & DMRC
Project Details : Airport Express Metro Line
Options before DMRC
Suggested ‘Way Ahead’
Delhi Metro Airport Express Line
Reason
Population of over 10 million More registered vehicles than Mumbai, Kolkata
& Chennai put together Automobiles contributing to more than 2/3rd of
the total atmospheric pollution High rate of road accidents More than 35 studies recommended ‘Mass
Rapid Transit System’
BackgroundDelhi Metro & DMRC
Conditions that necessitated setting up of DMRC….
Need for reliable public transportation in Delhi Comprehensive traffic & transportation study
completed in 1990 highlighted the urgent need for a rail-based transit system comprising a network of underground elevated and surface corridors to meet the traffic demand projected for 2021
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC) registered on 3rd May 1995 for the Construction & Operation
BackgroundDelhi Metro & DMRC
DMRC becomes a necessity……
BackgroundDelhi Metro & DMRC
20% of the cost borne by the Central Government20% of the cost borne by the GNCTDAbout 50 – 60% of the cost through JBIC Loan5% of the cost by DMRC through Property
Development
Cost Structure for projects by DMRC……
Challenges
Biggest urban invention in transportation since independence
Executed in very difficult urban environment All actions under close scrutiny of all agencies Implementation period compressed from 10 years
to 7 years Constructed to world class standards with
frontline technologies Expertise and technology was not available in the
country
BackgroundDelhi Metro & DMRC
Challenges successfully negotiated by DMRC….
A rapid transit system serving NCR
Network consists of six lines with a total length of 62 Kms ( eventually extended to 183.7 Kms)
40 stations ( eventually extended to 140) of which 35 are underground
BackgroundDelhi Metro & DMRC
Objectives achieved by DMRC in NCR till Aug 2006 i.e. the date setting of this case study …..
BackgroundDelhi Metro & DMRC
2002
2005
2004
2010
2010
Mansarovar Park
Rohini
Botonical GardenNoida
Dwarka
ISBT
Karol Bagh
Udyog Nagar
Jahangirpuri
IFFCO Chowk Tuglakabad
Mandi House
Airport Express Line
Rly Stn
Shivaji Stadium
Aerocity
IGIAirport
DwarkaSect 21
Airport Express Line
Length 19.2 Km- 5.5 km underground- 11.6 km of elevated tracks- Balance- switchover ramps
Cost: 2381 Cr less taxes & duties : addl reqmt of 559 Cr for Rolling Stock
Generaion of Necessity Airport Express Line
IGAI was envisaged to handle 18 million passengers by 2010-11 & 70 million by 2034-35
Movement primarily through taxis & private vehicles. Bus services were few & inadequate
Travel time from center of Delhi to IGAI approx 1 Hr
CWG was likely to bring in a large number of tourists & sports participants
Terms of ReferenceAirport Express line
September 2010 deadline for CWG
Direct Route to IGAI , ride with most people sitting with space for luggage
Max speed of 135 kms/hr with operating speeds of 100 Kms/hr
Four stn reqd: Two stns close to City Centre, One stn Intermediate & One stn at airport terminal
Provision for interchanges with DMRC lines & other public transport systems
Provision for future stations
Decision between DMRC & PPP/BOT
StakeholdersAirport Express line
GoI- Empowered Gp of Min, Committee of Secretaries
GNCTD (Govt of National Capital Territory of Delhi)
DMRC
DIAL(Delhi International Airport Limited)
Private Finance/ Banks
Agencies/Departments according various clearances
Residents of Delhi
Project DetailsAirport Express Line
Project Length 19.2 Km with a hybrid mix: - l5.5 Km of underground tracks - 11.6 Km of elevated tracks - Remaining would be for switch-over ramps
Expected traffic 86,000 by 2021
Turn-around time of 55-60 min
Express line would terminate at the Airport
Each station would have a circulating area of 10,000-20,000 SqM of which 50% could be used for commercial purposes
Cost of Proj- 2381Cr (less the taxes & duties)
ConcernsAirport Express Line
Alignment of the line at places like cantonment areas where permission would be mandatory for elevated corridors
Alignment crossed major city roads affecting utilities like sewers, water mains, storm water drains, telephone & electricity lines. These were not to be disrupted during the construction phase
Felling of 300-400 trees
Permission from different regulators & utility operators DIAL had reservations on elevated station on Airport
Security of the line
Ambitious time frame of four years
Options DMRC vs PPP
Funding from the GoI for a facility to be primarily used by air passengers may not be forthcoming DMRC had to secure entire fundingDIAL to bear expenses for civil works inside airport to the tune of 440 CrDDA would be required to pitch in for better connectivity to Dwarka
Responsibility of the project with private investor Heavy capital investment & long gestation periodsBOT projects involved 1/3rd equity & 2/3rd debt @ 10%Private funding may have to be extended through VGF (viability gap funding)
DMRC PPP/BOTFunding
Options DMRC vs PPP
DMRC/GNCTD to be responsible for land acquisitions, securing permission from different agencies for both construction & operations
Form 1Private investor to be responsible for land acquisition & all clearances Form 2Land Acquisition & clearances facilitated by DMRC/GNCTD
DMRC PPP/BOT
Permissions & Clearances
Options DMRC vs PPP
DMRC has domain expertise, momentum from past & running projects & trained manpowerGood offices with GoI, GNCTD & agencies according permissions/clearancesVital engineering equipment like heavy duty cranes & plant equipment already available on siteRolling stock from previously completed projectsKnowledge of existing facilities like electricity & sewer lines, water supply lines Tried & tested team with excellent reasults
Very few private companies with this kind of an expertiseMay have to poach experts from DMRC itself for critical functionsMay have to further subcontract indl segmentsProcurement of heavy engineering eqpt may delay commencement of the projectLack of trained manpowerNo knowledge of layout of amenitiesGood offices have to be established through liaison with all agencies
DMRC PPP/BOTExecution & Operation
Suggested Road Ahead Airport Express Line
A lot is at stake on the project (National image)
Contract procedure followed by subcontracting, is a time consuming process
Critical amenities cannot be disturbed for a prolonged period
Environmental, Forest & other clearances have to be fast-tracked
Procurement of Engineering Eqpt & construction stores at a very rapid pace has its challenges
Quality control on the project when time lines are critical
Availability of Trained Manpower at all levels
Good leadership
Good Offices with various agencies
Suggested Road Ahead Airport Express Line
DMRC is best suited to undertake the project
Involving any other agency without domain expertise may prove disastrous with such critical timelines
If funding is an issue with GoI & PPP/BOT becomes the only option, then supervision & reporting on a daily basis may have to be done by DMRC
Instructions from GOI to all agencies to issue clearances on a war footing
Thank You
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