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The Western Front
Trench Warfare
New weapons in the War
• Machine Guns
• Barbed wire
• Poison gas• Tanks
• Submarines
• airplanes
Trench Warfare
““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”
Verdun – February, 1916
y German offensive.. Each side had 500,000 casualties.
The Somme – July, 1916
, 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.o Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
War Is H E L L !!
Sacrifices in War
Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun
The
E aste rn
Front
The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
Turkish Cavalry in Palestine
T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18
T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19
The Tsar with General Brusilov
Autocratic Russia• Romanov’s ruled for over 300 years in
Russia
• When Alexander II was assassinated in 1881, Alexander III takes over.
• Alexander II, III, and Nicholas II all were autocrats who pushed conservatism and Russification & anti-semitism.
• Did not accept liberal change and hated Marxism. Saw it as direct threat to their power. A2,A3,N2
Earlier 1905 Revolution in Russia
• Many in Russia wanted at least a Constitutional monarchy-Czars said NO
• 1903, Social democrats split into 2 groups- – Mensheviks-gradual change– Bolsheviks-communist takeover-Vladimir Lenin
• 1905- Russian losses in Russo-Jap war showed weakness of Monarchy
• “Bloody Sunday” Tsar’s soldiers fired upon strikers and massacred most.
• Nicholas II reluctantly agrees to Duma, but refuses to work with them in govt.
• This leaves Russia in a very unstable and pre-revolutionary mindset.
The
“ C olonial
”
Fronts
Sikh British Soldiers in India
Fighting in Africa
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]
Fighting in Africa
3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
Fighting in Salonika, Greece
French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916
Am e rica
Joins
the
Allie s
1 91 7
The Sinking of the Lusitania
The Zimmerman Telegram
January 1917
The YanksAre Coming!
Americans in the Trenches
The War of
the
Ind ustrial
R e volution:
Ne w
Te chnology
French Renault Tank
British Tank at Ypres
U-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
The Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
FrancescoBarraco, It.
Rene PaukFonck, Fr.
Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.
[The “Red Baron”]
Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.
Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.
Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
Looking for the “Red Baron?”
The Zeppelin
FlameThrowers
GrenadeLaunchers
Poison Gas
Machine Gun
“ Art”
of
World
War I
“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918
“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917
“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914
“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918
“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917
German Cartoon:“Fit for active service!”, 1918
1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died100,000,000 died
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!
9,000,0009,000,000 DeadDead
The Somme American Cemetary, France
116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died
World War I Casualties
01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000
10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS
Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!
Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
387,8002,133,190Total
15,00073,390Trapizond District163,000194,000European Turkey70,000309,000Cilicia and Northern Syria27,000371,800Western Anatolia
Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey
16,800225,000Sivas56,000220,000Bitlis3,000124,000Diarbekir
35,000204,000Kharbert500197,000Van
1,500215,000Erzerum
19221914Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey
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