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WHY DO WE HAVE TO TALK ABOUTFEELINGS?!
Week 6 - Emotion &Addiction
Quiet TimeSit quietly for a minute or two, and focus on where we are now.
TODAY’S AGENDAQuiet Time
Check-in Review AOD Relationships
Review Four Characteristics
Continuum
Emotions & Addiction Presentation
CHECK-IN Name Feeling Last use 12 step meetings? What happened? Who attended a meeting? If you did not attend both meetings
• Did you think about it?• What prevented your attendance?
What can you do differently this week? Success with last week’s recovery tool
THINK ABOUT IT…If you don’t manage your emotions, they will manage you!
Feelings…………….
Sometimes it’s hard to sort them out…
they’re like a tangled knot
SORTING IT OUT -EMOTIONALCATEGORIES
Understanding different types of emotion is a tool for recovery
Plutchik (1994)suggests there areeight basicemotions, groupedin pairs ofopposites…
CATEGORIES OFEMOTIONS
These seven basic feelings were first introduced to the author by staff at
the Meadows treatment center in Wickenberg, Arizona.
ADDICTION < > EMOTIONThe powerful connection with
emotion
BREAK TIME!
UNDERSTANDING EMOTIONSIs the key to understandingaddiction…
REDEFINING ADDICTIONA preventable and treatable brain disease influenced by a complex set of behaviors that may be the result of genetic, biological, psychosocial, and environmental interactions
THE HIJACKED BRAIN Our emotions play a (big!) part
in why addictions are so powerfulOur body is wired with a reward
and punishment system to guide our behavior
Drugs of abuse “hijack” this system, confusing the drug’s reward & punishment with our bodies own chemicals
THE POWER OF ADDICTIONOur most basic drives Hunger and food seekingPleasure and reproduction Fight/Flight survival Cravings Based in the same part of the
brain affected by ALL drugs of abuse
Addiction imitates our basic drives
DISCUSSION Which of the seven basic emotions trigger cravings for you most often?
Does one emotion show up more in your life than any other feeling?
Which emotion is your primary feeling?
THE BRAIN, EMOTIONS& DRUGS
There is an “emotional neural network” implicated in human drug abuse.
THE LIMBIC SYSTEM First thought
to be a neural circuit known as the Papez circuit
The modern notion of emotional circuitry has been expanded to include the amygdala and other regions
WHAT THE LIMBIC SYSTEM DOES…
This system is concerned with visceral and emotional behavior, with primal urges and primal moods.
It causes the organism to recognize a reward, and work for it; to recognize punishment, and try to avoid it.
Ways Drugs Can FundamentallyAlter Neural Or Brain Function
Drugs can interact with systems regulating these basic drive states through effects on receptors in the brain and neural circuitry
Drugs can capture control of brain mechanisms that control motivations and emotions (i.e., Basic drives, such as anger, fear, anxiety, pain, and depression).
NEUROTRANSMITTERS & ADDICTION
Dopamine, one example of a neurotransmitter, is correlated with: “highs” elicited by addictive drugs (i.e. cocaine) cravings in withdrawal
Dopamine is activated in a “reward system”
Drugs of abuse activate the same reward system, - increasing or decreasing dopamine
Learned emotional reactions are created contributing to drug addiction…
NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS –ONE SITE FOR DOPAMINE RELEASE
The main target ofthe reinforcing effects of stimulantsis the nucleus accumbens Alcohol, morphine, and
nicotine also exert some of their reinforcing effectsvia the nucleusaccumbens
The "reward pathway" in the brain that isactivated by natural rewards and by artificialrewards such as addictive drugs. – JanetFirshein
THE EMOTIONAL NEURALNETWORK Regulation of Emotion may be
implemented by certain brain regions The pre-frontal cortex (PFC)• Orbitofrontal PFC• Dorsolateral PFC• Anterior cingulate cortex
The limbic/para-limbic structures• Amygdala• Hypothalamus
DRUGS & THEIR EFFECTSON EMOTIONS
Alcohol & Other Drugs
ALCOHOL & EMOTIONAlcohol dampens fear and inhibits response By impairing cognitive processing capacity
Drinking Alcohol
Can lead to changes in behaviorand emotional reactions
Can inhibitadaptivebehavior
NICOTINE The nicotine molecule is shaped like a
neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. Acetylcholine and its receptors are
involved in many functions, including mood, appetite, memory, and more.
Nicotine also activates areas of the brain that are involved in producing feelings of pleasure and reward.
Recently, scientists discovered that nicotine raises the levels of dopamine.
Methamphetamine The shape, size, and chemical structure of
methamphetamine and dopamine are similar. Dopamine is sometimes called the pleasure
neurotransmitter. Methamphetamine is able to fool neurons into
taking it up just like they would dopamine. Methamphetamine causes that neuron to
release lots of dopamine, creating an extra sense of pleasure.
Eventually these pleasurable effects stop. They are followed by unpleasant feelings called a "crash“ that often leads a person to use more of the drug.
If a person continues to use methamphetamine, he will have a difficult time feeling pleasure from anything, and this effect can last a long time
DRUGS LIKE COCAINE “LIGHT UP” THEREWARD PATHWAYS OF THE BRAIN
MARIJUANA One region of the brain that contains A lot of THC
receptors is The hippocampus, which processes memory. When THC attaches to receptorsIn the hippocampus, it weakensShort-term memory. The hippocampus alsoCommunicates with other brainRegions that process newInformation into long-termMemory. In the brain, under the influence ofMarijuana, new information mayNever register - and may be lostFrom memory. THC also influences emotions,Probably by acting on A region ofThe brain called the limbic system.
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