Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict

Week 1 - IntroGlobal Conflicts

after The Cold War

week 1 Key question

What has been the nature of global conflict

since 1991?

The cold war

The cold war

The cold war

The cold war

The cold war

No shooting! But if you do...I will too!

key points about the cold war

key points about the cold war

1945 - 1989-91 (end of WWII to the break up of the USSR)

major tension between US and USSR and their allies

coalitions with other countries (eg: USSR & China, USA & NATO nations)

space race

massive nuclear arms race

Causes and nature of conflict in the post

cold war world

COnflict

COnflict

What is conflict?

COnflict

What is conflict?

COnflict

What is conflict?

COnflict

What is conflict?

COnflict

What is conflict?

COnflict

What is conflict?

What causes conflict?

What causes conflict?

tension

What causes conflict?

tension

nationalist

What causes conflict?

tension

nationalist

economic

What causes conflict?

tension

nationalist

economic

religious

What causes conflict?

tension

nationalist

ethnic

economic

religious

What causes conflict?

tension

nationalist

regional

ethnic

economic

religious

Phase 1 - 1990-2001

Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991

Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991

Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War

Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War

End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems

Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War

End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems

Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of

world’s oil

Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War

End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems

Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of

world’s oilSaddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be

Iraq’s 19th province

Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War

End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems

Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed to oust Iraq

Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of

world’s oilSaddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be

Iraq’s 19th province

Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War

End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems

Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed to oust Iraq

Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of

world’s oil

17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops

Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be Iraq’s 19th province

Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War

End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems

Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed to oust Iraq

Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of

world’s oil

17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops

What sort of tension?

Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be Iraq’s 19th province

Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War

End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems

Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed to oust Iraq

Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of

world’s oil

17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops

What sort of tension?

Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be Iraq’s 19th province

economic

Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War

End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems

Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed to oust Iraq

Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of

world’s oil

17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops

What sort of tension?

Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be Iraq’s 19th province

economicnationalist

Somalia 1992

Somalia 1992

Somalia 1992Independence in 1960

Somalia 1992Independence in 1960

Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991

Somalia 1992

One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism

Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991

Somalia 1992

Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991

One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism

Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991

Somalia 1992

Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed

Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991

One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism

Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991

Somalia 1992

Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed

Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991

One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism

Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991

Rival warlords struggled for control of the state

Somalia 1992

Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed

Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991

One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism

Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991

By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million

of long term starvation

Rival warlords struggled for control of the state

Somalia 1992

Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed

Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991

One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism

Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991

UN humanitarian intervention in August

By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million

of long term starvation

Rival warlords struggled for control of the state

Somalia 1992

Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed

Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991

One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism

Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991

UN humanitarian intervention in August

By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million

of long term starvation

Rival warlords struggled for control of the state

Also military intervention to assist in disarmament and discussions between hostile clans

Somalia 1992

Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed

Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991

One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism

Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991

UN humanitarian intervention in August

By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million

of long term starvation

Rival warlords struggled for control of the state

Also military intervention to assist in disarmament and discussions between hostile clans

Still no government has emerged to take control of the

country

Somalia 1992

Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed

Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991

One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism

Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991

UN humanitarian intervention in August

By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million

of long term starvation

Rival warlords struggled for control of the state

Also military intervention to assist in disarmament and discussions between hostile clans

Still no government has emerged to take control of the

country

What is the nature of this conflict?

Somalia 1992

Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed

Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991

One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism

Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991

UN humanitarian intervention in August

By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million

of long term starvation

Rival warlords struggled for control of the state

Also military intervention to assist in disarmament and discussions between hostile clans

Still no government has emerged to take control of the

country

What is the nature of this conflict?

ethnic

Somalia 1992

Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed

Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991

One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism

Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991

UN humanitarian intervention in August

By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million

of long term starvation

Rival warlords struggled for control of the state

Also military intervention to assist in disarmament and discussions between hostile clans

Still no government has emerged to take control of the

country

What is the nature of this conflict?

economicethnic

Somalia 1992

Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed

Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991

One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism

Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991

UN humanitarian intervention in August

By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million

of long term starvation

Rival warlords struggled for control of the state

Also military intervention to assist in disarmament and discussions between hostile clans

Still no government has emerged to take control of the

country

What is the nature of this conflict?

economicethnic

regional

RWANDA 1994

RWANDA 1994

RWANDA 1994

1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King

RWANDA 1994

1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King

RWANDA 1994

Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile

1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King

RWANDA 1994

Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990

Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile

1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King

RWANDA 1994

Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus

Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990

Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile

1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King

RWANDA 1994UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia

Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus

Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990

Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile

1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King

RWANDA 1994

UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers

UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia

Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus

Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990

Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile

1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King

RWANDA 1994

UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers

UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia

Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus

Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990

Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile

1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King

US blocked more forces

RWANDA 1994

UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers

UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia

Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus

Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990

Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile

1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King

UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost

US blocked more forces

RWANDA 1994

UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers

UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia

Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus

Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990

Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile

1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King

UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost

US blocked more forces

Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus

RWANDA 1994

UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers

UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia

Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus

Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990

Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile

1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King

UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost

US blocked more forces

Tutsi rebels finally defeated HutusMost Hutus who fled have now returned except group in Congo who have formed

insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda

RWANDA 1994

UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers

UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia

Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus

Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990

Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile

1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King

UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost

US blocked more forces

Tutsi rebels finally defeated HutusMost Hutus who fled have now returned except group in Congo who have formed

insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda

What is the nature of this conflict?

RWANDA 1994

UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers

UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia

Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus

Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990

Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile

1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King

UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost

US blocked more forces

Tutsi rebels finally defeated HutusMost Hutus who fled have now returned except group in Congo who have formed

insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda

What is the nature of this conflict?

ethnic

RWANDA 1994

UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers

UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia

Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus

Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990

Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile

1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King

UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost

US blocked more forces

Tutsi rebels finally defeated HutusMost Hutus who fled have now returned except group in Congo who have formed

insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda

What is the nature of this conflict?

ethnicregional

Yugoslavia 1991-99

Yugoslavia 1991-99

Yugoslavia 1991-99Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito

Yugoslavia 1991-99

Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:

Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito

Yugoslavia 1991-99

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia

Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:

Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito

Yugoslavia 1991-99

existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia

Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:

Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito

Yugoslavia 1991-99

Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged

existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia

Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:

Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito

Yugoslavia 1991-99

Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged

existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia

Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:

Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito

1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence

Yugoslavia 1991-99

Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged

1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state recognised by EU and US

existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia

Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:

Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito

1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence

Yugoslavia 1991-99

Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged

1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state recognised by EU and US

existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia

Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:

Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito

1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence

Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government

Yugoslavia 1991-99

Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged

1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state recognised by EU and US

existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia

Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:

Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito

1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence

Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government

1992 war began and Serbs took over 70 per cent of the country

Yugoslavia 1991-99

Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged

1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state recognised by EU and US

existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia

Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:

Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito

1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence

Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government

1992 war began and Serbs took over 70 per cent of the country

Serbs embarked on ethnic cleansing, particularly against Muslims who made up 44 percent of the Bosnian population

Yugoslavia cont...

Yugoslavia cont...

Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,

where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture

Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,

where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture

Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army

Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,

where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture

Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army

Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a

European country by NATO

Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,

where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture

Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army

Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a

European country by NATO

By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down

Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,

where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture

Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army

Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a

European country by NATO

By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down

What tensions caused this conflict?

Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,

where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture

Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army

Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a

European country by NATO

By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down

What tensions caused this conflict?

ethnic

Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,

where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture

Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army

Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a

European country by NATO

By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down

What tensions caused this conflict?

ethnic

religious

Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,

where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture

Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army

Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a

European country by NATO

By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down

What tensions caused this conflict?

ethnic

religious

regional

Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994

Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,

where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture

Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army

Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a

European country by NATO

By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down

What tensions caused this conflict?

nationalist

ethnic

religious

regional

chechnya 1991 onwards

chechnya 1991 onwards

chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for

over 160 years

chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for

over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and

they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’

chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for

over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and

they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as

the Soviet Union was collapsing

chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for

over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and

they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as

the Soviet Union was collapsing

Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation

chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for

over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and

they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as

the Soviet Union was collapsing

Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation

1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody

and unpopular conflict

chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for

over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and

they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as

the Soviet Union was collapsing

Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation

1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody

and unpopular conflict

Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming bombings in Russia on Chechens

chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for

over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and

they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as

the Soviet Union was collapsing

Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation

1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody

and unpopular conflict

Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming bombings in Russia on Chechens

Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks

chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for

over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and

they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as

the Soviet Union was collapsing

Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation

1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody

and unpopular conflict

Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming bombings in Russia on Chechens

Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacksThis allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’

chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for

over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and

they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as

the Soviet Union was collapsing

Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation

1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody

and unpopular conflict

Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming bombings in Russia on Chechens

Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacksThis allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’

What is the nature of this conflict?

chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for

over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and

they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as

the Soviet Union was collapsing

Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation

1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody

and unpopular conflict

Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming bombings in Russia on Chechens

Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacksThis allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’

What is the nature of this conflict?

ethnic

chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for

over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and

they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as

the Soviet Union was collapsing

Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation

1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody

and unpopular conflict

Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming bombings in Russia on Chechens

Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacksThis allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’

What is the nature of this conflict?

ethnic nationalist

other conflicts

India and Pakistan over Kashmir (ethnic, religious and nationalist)

Palestine and Israel (ethnic, religious and nationalist)

North and South Korea (nationalist)

China and Taiwan (nationalist)

Indonesia and the province of Aceh (religious, nationlist and ethnic)

review

What was the Cold War?

What causes conflict?

What five conflicts were outlined and what were their causes?

reference: Simpson, A & Scott, D ‘ Power and International Politics 3rd Edition, SEV, 2008

Stay tuned for more detail on the gulf war, bosnia and

africaas well as global

terroism and post cold war Phase 2 - 2001

onwards...