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Modern Greek Grammarvowels
PowerPoint slidesby
Dimitra KapniaTwitter: @dkapnia
Vowels:digraphs, diphthongs, diphthongs by
convention, combinations
A digraph is a pair of letters used to write one sound or a combination of sounds that does
not correspond to the written letters in sequence.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphthong
• A digraph is a pair of letters used to write one sound or a combination of sounds that does not correspond to the written letters in sequence.
ΕΙ/ει =[i] ΑΙ/αι=[e]
So, a digraph is two letters that spell one sound
εικόνα : ει-κό-να =picture αίθουσα: αί-θου-σα= classroom/ room
The term ‘’diphthong’’ refers to two contiguous vowel sounds occurring within the same
syllable
The term diphthong refers to two contiguous vowel sounds occurring within the same syllable
AH/αη= [ái]ΌI/όι=[ói]
So, a diphthong is a sound . Actually, it is two vowel sounds within the same syllable.
Νεράιδα: νε-ράι-δα = nymphΚορόιδο: κο-ρόι-δο= sucker
Let's have a closer look to the following examples, in order to clarify the differences
between a digraph and a diphthong
1)κορόιδο (=sucker). όι=[ói]. diphthong Notice that, inside the syllable, the first vowel (o) is stressed. The ι is not stressed.
2)νεράιδα. (=nymph) άι = [ái]. diphthong The first vowel (α) is stressed. The ι is not.
3)Γαϊδούρι (= donkey) αϊ= [ái]. diphthong No stress mark. There is a dieresis (dialitics) instead.
4)οικογένεια.(= family) οι/ει =[i] Digraph Notice that none of the letters involved is stressed.
5) αίθουσα. (=classroom/ room) αί =[e]. digraph The second vowel (ι) is stressed
Modern Greek digraphs derive from classical Greek diphthongs. Digraphs used to be
pronounced as diphthongs, during the past. Nowadays they have been shortened to
monophthongs in pronunciation. Many of them are characteristic developments of
modern Greek, however some of them were already present in Classical Greek.
Modern Greek Digraphs and pronunciation
Modern Greek Digraphs and pronunciation
AI/αι [e]
Αίθουσα (=classroom/ room)
κάθομαι (=to sit down)
Modern Greek Digraphs and pronunciation
EI/ει [i]
εικόνα (=picture)
γράφει (= he writes)
οι [i]
Οικογένεια(=family) αμοιβή (=payment/reward)
Modern Greek Digraphs and pronunciation
υι [i] (quite rare)
Modern Greek Digraphs and pronunciation
ου [u]
ουρανός (=sky)
Modern Greek Digraphs and pronunciation
Modern Greek diphthongs and pronunciation
Modern Greek diphthongs and pronunciation
αη= [ái] / αϊ = [ái]
Αηδόνι (=nightingale)
Γαϊδούρι(= donkey)
Modern Greek diphthongs and pronunciation
Όι/οη=[ói]
κορόιδο (=sucker)
diphthongs by convention
diphthongs by convention
• A diphthong by convention consists of a vowel sound [i] which is not stressed and a vowel sound like [a], [e], [u], [o] which is stressed
• Diphthongs by convention are quite common in standard modern Greek
diphthongs by convention
καρδιά [karδγιá] (=heart) please, notice the pronunciation
Diphthongs by convention
παλιός [paliós] (=old) please, notice the pronunciation
Diphthongs by convention
παιδιά [peδγιá] (children) please, notice the pronunciation
Modern Greek vowel combinations
Modern Greek vowel combinations
A vowel combo consists of two vowels αυ [af/av]
ευ [ef/ev]
Modern Greek vowel combinations
αυ [af/av]
It is pronounced [af] before of: κ, π, τ, χ, φ, θ, σ, ξ, ψ
αυτοκίνητο (aftokínito=car)
Modern Greek vowel combinations
αυ [af/av]
It is pronounced [av] before of: β, γ, δ, ζ, λ, μ, ν, ρ
αύρα ( a´vra =breeze wind)
Modern Greek vowel combinations
ευ [ef/ev]
It is pronounced [ef] before of: κ, π, τ, χ, φ, θ, σ, ξ, ψ
Ευχαριστώ (efxaristó=thanks)
Modern Greek vowel combinations
ευ [ef/ev]
It is pronounced [ev] before of: β, γ, δ, ζ, λ, μ, ν, ρ
ευγένεια (evγénia=kindness)
Resourceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek#Modern_Greek
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_orthography#Digraphs_and_diphthongshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphthong#Sound_changeshttps://www.teknia.com/greekalphabet/greekdiphthongs
http://www.foundalis.com/lan/grkalpha.htmReferences
Μανόλης Τριανταφυλλίδης: Νεοελληνική γραμματικήΓ. Μπαμπινιώτης: Λεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας
David Holton/ Peter Mackridge/ Ειρήνη Φιλιππάκη-Walton:Γραμματική της Ελληνικής γλώσσας
Thanks for watching !
Twitter @dkapnia
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