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Vietnam War
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VIETNAM
1954-1975
French Indo-China
1800s France becomes colonial power in Vietnam
Japan Controls during WWII Vietminh
League formed by Ho Chi Minh Communist sympathizer
French Indo-China
1800s France becomes colonial power in Vietnam
Japan Controls during WWII Vietminh
League formed by Ho Chi Minh Communist sympathizer
Vietnam
LaosC
ambodia
French Indochina
Ho Chi Minh “He who Enlightens” Real Name: Nguyen
That Thanh Participated in Tax
revolts Wanted Free
Vietnam
After WWII Prevent Communist
Expansion --containment “Domino Theory” –
Eisenhower US paying 75% of War Cost
French Losing
Defeated French
Dien Bien Phu Jungle fortress in Vietnam
Signaled the end of French/European Influence in Asia NO US help – Too soon?
Vietnminh Experience Captured 11,721 men
Geneva Conference
Work out peace agreement & decide Indochina’s future
Geneva Accords (Temporary) Cease Fire 17th Parallel (DMZ) July 1956 – General Elections
Vietnam Leaders
Ngo Dinh Diem
South Vietnam Anti-Communist Corrupt Gov Favored
Catholics Cancelled 1956
Election
Ho Chi Minh
North Vietnam Totalitarian Gave land to
Peasants Wanted Unified
Vietnam
Civil War – Vietnam
National Liberation Front (Vietcong aka “Charlie”) Vietnamese Communist in South Killed Southern Officials
Diem’s Overthrow
Arrested & Killed Buddhist Monks US Threatens to withdraw
Diem refuses to change US supports overthrow NOV 1963
Diem Assassinated
US Involvement
EisenhowerEisenhower Send
$ & weapons Advisors to train
KennedyKennedy Increase
Advisors
JohnsonJohnson
Expanded Effort
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
Gulf of Tonkin
USS Maddox was attacked by torpedo boats off coast of North Vietnam
Two Naval Battles ensued 2nd attack was announced by LBJ
Not accurate US was on spy mission (we provoked)
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Gave complete control to President LBJ Without approval
from congress
US Enters Vietnam
Operation Rolling Thunder
Continuous bombing campaign for 3 years Did Nothing but damage country Downed Planes: POW’s
Air Strikes
US introduces B-52 Bomber Saturation Bombing “Carpet Bombing”
Dropped thousands of Explosives on North Vietnam
Fragmentation Bombing “Cluster Bombs”
Explosive projecting metal shavings Target: Ho Chi Minh Trail
Ho Chi Minh Trail Supply
route through Laos and Cambodia to aid V.C.
Agent Orange
Pesticide to kill plants (Defoliant) Goal: Expose hiding places
Napalm
Chemical agent that burns uncontrollably
Search and Destroy Strategy
Effects of Air Bombing
1. Strengthened V.C.2. Soviets & China support V.C.3. Led to South Vietnamese joining
the V.C.
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