U.S. History WWII (CH 24 island hopping)

3 – 29 - 123 – 29 - 12

Objective:Students will explain what made each

event/battle a critical moment or turning point in winning the war in Japan through a graphic organizer

Workbook CH 25 S 3 pg 100 # 1-12

Island Hopping

Bypassing islands“leapfrogging”To shorten the

distance to Japan

• Led by:• Admiral Chester Nimitz• Gilbert, Marshall Islands and Marianas

• Gen. Douglas MacArthur• Solomon, New Guinea, Philippines

GuadalcanalGuadalcanal

Guadalcanal (in the Solomon Islands)

The battle was the first major Japanese land offensive

““The Island of The Island of DeathDeath

19,000 Allied 19,000 Allied troops invadetroops invade

PhilippinesPhilippines

Battle of Leyte GulfBattle of Leyte Gulf (Oct. 1944)(Oct. 1944) Lay across supply lines to JapanEstablishing sea routes to Japan from southern

Asia.“Kamikaze” attacks were first used.

featured the largest battleships ever built, was the last time in history that battleships engaged each other

Japan lost 3 battleship, 4 carriers, 13 cruisers, 500 planes

Kamikaze = (divine wind)Suicide plane attack.

In (3) days ~ Japan lost 3 – battleships, 4 – air craft carriers, 13 – In (3) days ~ Japan lost 3 – battleships, 4 – air craft carriers, 13 – cruisers, 500 planes.cruisers, 500 planes.

Iwo JimaIwo Jima

Iwo Jima Iwo Jima (sulfur island)

Critical to the U.S. as a base from which heavily Critical to the U.S. as a base from which heavily loaded bombers could reach Japan.loaded bombers could reach Japan.

Most heavily defended spot on earth.Most heavily defended spot on earth. (20,700- Jap troops dug into tunnels and caves).(20,700- Jap troops dug into tunnels and caves).

6,0006,000 marines died. marines died. Only Only 200200 Japanese would survive Japanese would survive..

("Operation Detachment") in February 1945 was one of bloodiest battles fought by the

Americans in the Pacific War.

I SPY – A Japanese CaveI SPY – A Japanese Cave

OkinawaOkinawa

The Battle for Okinawa (April, 1945)(April, 1945)

In preparation for a full scale invasion of Japan

More than 1,900 kamikaze attacks (destroying 30 ships, damaging (destroying 30 ships, damaging 300, and killing almost 5,000 300, and killing almost 5,000 seamen).seamen).

Total 7, 600 US killedThis battle was the deciding

factor for dropping the bomb (US did not want more US death)

Churchill predicted the cost of million of American lives and British lives if Allies invade Japan

U.S. sought airbases for 3000 B-29 bombers and 240 squadrons of B-17

Albert Einstein (1939) = German refugee and physicist,

suggested that Germany might be developing an atomic weapon

Led to US research on creation of an nuclear weapon

The Manhattan ProjectThe Manhattan Project

J. Robert OppenheimerAmerican scientist in

charge of research development for the “Atomic Bomb”.

Alamogordo, New MexicoTesting of nuclear

bomb

Tinian- launching base

Enola Gay- B-29 Bomber

Colonel Paul Tibbits Carrying the first

atomic bomb nicknamed “Little Boy”

Hiroshima Hiroshima (Aug. 6, 1945)

First city where atomic bomb was used7200 FahrenheitKilled over 70,000

NagasakiThe Second city where atomic bomb was

used A second bomb “Fat Man”,200,000 people had died as result of the injuries and

radiation poisoning.

V-J DayVictory in JapanAugust 15, 1945Unconditional

surrender of Japan

Objective:Students will explain what made each

event/battle a critical moment or turning point in winning the war in Japan through a graphic organizer

Workbook CH 25 S 3 pg 100 # 1-12

How about Germany and the How about Germany and the rebuilding of Europe?rebuilding of Europe?

But wait…But wait…We forgot one We forgot one Last EventLast Event in WWII! in WWII!

The HolocaustThe Holocaust As soon as Hitler took power, he removed As soon as Hitler took power, he removed

all “Non Aryans” from Government (April, 1933)all “Non Aryans” from Government (April, 1933)

= the systematic murder of 11 million people = the systematic murder of 11 million people across Europe, ½ being Jews.across Europe, ½ being Jews.

PolandPoland

Soviet Soviet UnionUnion

GermanyGermany

Persecution BeginsPersecution BeginsAnti- SemitismAnti- Semitism = Hatred for Jews. = Hatred for Jews.Nuremberg LawsNuremberg Laws = stripped Jews of = stripped Jews of

their German citizenship, jobs, and their German citizenship, jobs, and property.property.

Nuremberg LawsNuremberg Laws

Yellow Star of DavidYellow Star of David = Jews were forced = Jews were forced to wear a bright yellow star, to be to wear a bright yellow star, to be identified easier.identified easier.

Security SquadronSecurity Squadron = Hitler’s elite (SS), = Hitler’s elite (SS), was charged with rounding up Jews.was charged with rounding up Jews.

Jewish RefugeesJewish Refugees

France – had 40,000, Britain – 80,000, France – had 40,000, Britain – 80,000,

Palestine – had 30,000Palestine – had 30,000..U.S. – Accepted only 100,000 U.S. – Accepted only 100,000

(Albert Einstein).(Albert Einstein).

1933

WW2 StartsWW2 Starts

19411941

= GermanyGermany

= = AustriaAustria

Hitler’s “Hitler’s “Final SolutionFinal Solution””GenocideGenocide = the deliberate and systematic = the deliberate and systematic

killing of an entire populationkilling of an entire population (not part of the (not part of the “Master Race”).“Master Race”).

Communists, socialists, liberalists, etc.Communists, socialists, liberalists, etc. Jews, Gypsies, Freemasons, and Jehovah’s Witnesses, etc. Jews, Gypsies, Freemasons, and Jehovah’s Witnesses, etc. Homosexuals, the mentally deficient, mentally ill, physically Homosexuals, the mentally deficient, mentally ill, physically

disabled, incurable ill, etc.disabled, incurable ill, etc.

Concentration CampsConcentration Camps

= Nazi Labor Camps (undesirables).= Nazi Labor Camps (undesirables). Cycles of hunger, humiliation, and work (dawn Cycles of hunger, humiliation, and work (dawn dusk, 7 days dusk, 7 days

a week or until you collapsed).a week or until you collapsed). Wooden barracks, crowded quarters, meager meals, rats, Wooden barracks, crowded quarters, meager meals, rats,

fleas, etc.fleas, etc.

The Final StageThe Final Stage Overwork, starvation, beatings, and bullets were deadly, but Overwork, starvation, beatings, and bullets were deadly, but

they they did not kill fast enoughdid not kill fast enough……

Nazi use of poison gas (cyanide).Nazi use of poison gas (cyanide). (6) Death camps were built in Poland ~ were 12,000 people (6) Death camps were built in Poland ~ were 12,000 people

could be killed in a day.could be killed in a day.

AuschwitzAuschwitz= the largest Nazi death camp.= the largest Nazi death camp.Prisoners were immediately separated Prisoners were immediately separated

(strong/ weak), Stripped of all belongings, and (strong/ weak), Stripped of all belongings, and told to undress for a “shower”.told to undress for a “shower”.

Germans became rich with Germans became rich with GoldGoldduring the War, any idea how?during the War, any idea how?

Bodies were buried in huge pits or cremated.Prisoners were also used as medical

experiments.

SurvivorsSurvivors??An estimated 6 million Jews died in the An estimated 6 million Jews died in the

Nazi death camps/ massacres.Nazi death camps/ massacres.

Poland, 24%

Nuremberg trialsNuremberg trials= Allies put (24) surviving Nazi leaders on = Allies put (24) surviving Nazi leaders on

trial for war crimes. trial for war crimes. 12 – executed, 12 – Jail, in later trials 200 12 – executed, 12 – Jail, in later trials 200

more were found guilty.more were found guilty.You are made responsible, even at times of You are made responsible, even at times of

war.war.Is Is EuropeEurope the only place that the only place that something like this could happen?something like this could happen?

Japanese AmericansJapanese AmericansFollowing Pearl Harbor, there was Following Pearl Harbor, there was

widespread Anti – Japanese sentiment in the widespread Anti – Japanese sentiment in the U.S.U.S.

InternmentInternment = or confinement of Japanese. = or confinement of Japanese.““Relocation centersRelocation centers” – Prison camps, housed ” – Prison camps, housed

Japanese Americans on the West CoastJapanese Americans on the West Coast (110,000 + California, Washington, Oregon, (110,000 + California, Washington, Oregon, Arizona, etc.).Arizona, etc.).

Compensation of 20,000 was paid to each Compensation of 20,000 was paid to each family (1990).family (1990).

The United NationsThe United Nations

= New world peace organization = New world peace organization (50 countries), the two biggest being both (50 countries), the two biggest being both the U.S and the USSR.the U.S and the USSR.

Reminders:Reminders:

Your (CH. 23 – 25) Test is Your (CH. 23 – 25) Test is nextnext class class meeting, so please gather your notes / meeting, so please gather your notes / and or copy what your missing from a and or copy what your missing from a classmate.classmate.

Your Power Point Projects are due Your Power Point Projects are due May 7May 7, so please get started or finish , so please get started or finish up. The sooner the better : ).up. The sooner the better : ).