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Understanding Computers
Basic Computers
L. Stack
Vocabulary Words
Hardware :The equipment that makes up a computer
Central Processing Unit (CPU): hardware that directs how information flows in, out, and through a computer
Hard Drive: a tool, built into the computer, for storing data and instructions.
Keyboard: the set of keys with numbers and letters used to type information into a computer.
Vocabulary Words
Mouse: a pointing tool that you move with your hand.
Monitor: a screen that shows information on a computer
Input: the information that is put into a computer. Output: the information that comes out of a
computer Software: a set of instructions that tells a
computer what to do.
Vocabulary Terms
Processing – entering data into the computer
Storage – saving data, programs, or output for future use.
Data – Raw, unorganized factsInformation – Data that has been
processed into a meaningful formCommunication – The transmission of
data from one device to another.
What is a computer?
A computer is a machine that uses a set of instructions to do many kinds of jobs.
A computer can do math. It can collect, store, and display
information. It can help write, draw and play games.It can also let you communicate with
people all over the world.
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Computers in Your Life
Before 1980 Computers were large and expensive Very few people had access to them Computers were mostly used for high-volume processing
tasks Microcomputers in the early 80s
Inexpensive personal computers Computer use increased dramatically
Today More than 80% of US households include a computer, and
most use computers at work Electronic devices are converging into single units with
multiple capabilitiesUnderstanding Computers in a Changing Society, 4th Edition
Types of Computers
Personal Computers , PC, Macs, Desktops, Lap tops and Netbooks.
Computers on the Go consumer kiosks ATM machines. Portable computers and Web-enabled mobile devices
Mainframe Very large computerSupercomputer very fast computer
Types of Computers
A personal computer or PC : is a small computer made to be used by one person at time.
It can do a few jobs at one time. People often use personal computers at home,
in school or on the job. Sometimes personal computers can be linked
together to allow more than one person to share or access the same information.
Mainframe
A mainframe is a very large computer compared to a personal computer.
It can be as big as a refrigerator.They can store huge amounts of
information and can do many jobs at the same time.
Supercomputers
Supercomputer is a very fast computer.Supercomputers are used to do jobs at
the fastest speed possible. Often called crunchers.
Uses for Personal Computers
School / Home Take computerized tests. Present computerized
reports. Write letters Play video games. Buy things on the internet. Chat on line Send e-mails
Home/ Work Send e-mails. Track inventory Create memos Create agendas Create presentations Record keeping
Uses of Mainframes
Telephone companies
TV studios Transportation
departments control traffic signals, railroads and subways
Banks keep track of money
Supermarket keep track of goods and prices
Companies keep track of work records, print bills and track customer payments.
Uses of Supercomputers
Weather forecasting predict weather.
Air Traffic controllers locate and track air plains.
NASA launches rockets and guides the space shuttles.
Artist make animated graphics.
Sportscasters figure sport teams statistics
Computers Then
Precomputers Dr. Herman Hollerith’s Punch Card Tabulatin Machine and Sorter used to process the 1890 U.S. Census data.
First –Generation Computers 1946-1957 The were very big and powered by thousands of vacuum tubes. ENAIAC
Computers
Precomputers First Generation Computer
ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.
One of the first computers.
Built in 1945 by J. P. Echert JR. and J. W. Mauchly.
Much larger than today's computers made up of 40 separate units.
Weighed as much as four adult African elephants .
Had to set thousands of switches and rewrite the machine. Worked for 9 years.
Computers
Second Generation Third Generation
Computers
Fourth Generation Fifth Generation
Parts of a computer
All the equipment that makes up a computer is called the computers hardware.
Printer Monitor Keyboard Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Processor Mouse Computer Case Hardware
Computer Parts
Functions of Hardware
CPU CPU directs how
information flows in, out and through the computer.
It is the part that does the math and other jobs performed by the computer.
It is also called the processor.
Hard Drive The hard drive is a tool
for storing data and instruction.
It is built into the computer’s case.
A hard drive is like a filing cabinet. It h olds information until you need it.
Hardware functions
Keyboard / Mouse The keyboard is a set of
keys with numbers and letters, used to type information into the computer.
The mouse is a pointing tool that you move with your hand.
Both the keyboard and mouse let you tell the computer what you want it to do
Monitor / Printer The monitor is a screen
that shows information on a computer.
Printer lets you make paper copies of the work you do on the computer.
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