View
355
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 1
Understanding Cognitive Systems
Jim Spohrer (IBM)HICSS 50th, January 4, 2017
http://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/understanding_20170104_v10
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 2
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 3
Today’s Talk: Understanding Cognitive Systems• What is a cognitive system (entity)…• Biological?• Digital?
• How to…• Build them?• Understand them?• Work with them?
• Steps toward a next generation cognitive curriculum…• Types of digital cognitive systems?• Types of courses?
Jim Spohrer(Maine, MIT, Verbex, Yale, Apple, IBM, …)
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 4
What is a biological cognitive system (BCS entity)?
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 5
What is a digital cognitive system (DCS entity)?
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 6
Build them (BCS)? 10 million minutes of experience
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 7
Build them (BCS)? 2 million minutes of experience
05/03/2023 8
Build them (DCS)? Computers, data, building blocks & service offerings
Understanding Cognitive Systems
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 9
Build them (BCS + DCS)? Socio-technical system designhardware < software < data < experience < transformation
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 10
Understand them?• Observe Them: Predictable and Auditable?
• BCS: Sometimes predictable and auditable (natural, evolved, experiences, free will)• DCS: Mostly predictable and auditable (artificial, designed, algorithms, blockchain)
• Hardware:• BCS: Brain-based (neurons)• DCS: Microprocessor-based (transistors)
• Software:• BCS: (People and Experiences) Evolution & Psychology, Cognitive Science• DCS: (Machines and Algorithms) Design & Engineering, Computer Science
• Data, Experience, Transformation?• BCS & DCS: External environment & sensing (Data), Internal processes, communications,
storage (Information & experience), Philosophy of life, values (Transformation)
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 11
Work with them? Circa 2016…
05/03/2023 12
Steps Toward a Next GenerationCognitive Curriculum
• 2016• “How to build a cognitive system for Q&A task.”• 9 months to 40% question answering accuracy• 1-2 years for 90% accuracy, which questions to reject
• 2026• “How to use cognitive assistants to be a better professional X.”• Tools to build a student level Q&A from textbook in 1 week
• 2036• “How to use your cognitive mediator to build a startup.”• Tools to build faculty level Q&A for textbook in one day• Cognitive mediator knows a person better (in some ways)
than they know themselves (identity & responsibility)
• 2046 & 2056• “How to manage your workforce of digital workers.”• 2046: 10 digital workers each; 2056: 100 digital workers each
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 13
Next Generation Cognitive Curriculum:Intelligence Building Blocks
• IntelligenceAugmentation (IA)• Science• Design• Business• Society• Interdisciplinary
• ArtificialIntelligence (AI)• Learning• Perception• Reasoning• Interaction• Knowledge
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 14
Prof. Pieter Abbeel (UC Berkeley)
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 15
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 16
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 17
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 18
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 19
Episodic Memory
Commonsense Reasoning
Fluid Conversations
Ingesting Textbooks
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 20
What types of digital cognitive systems (DCS)? • Cognitive Build: Outthink Challenge (250K people)
• Imagine a digital cognitive system to help you do something important in your personal or professional lives
• Team to design it and advocate for it, and then everyone votes
• Winners: reduce waste and human suffering, screen for health issues and safety threats, learn life skills and make better choices, find what you are looking for, move around more effectively, provide emotional support, provide IT support, learn about important public policy goals and make better choices
• Types: Tool, Assistant, Collaborator, Coach, Mediator
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 21
Types• Tool• Assistant• Collaborator• Coach• Mediator
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 22
Types:Model/Capability/Challenge (+ = relative difficulty level)DCS Type Improvement Model/
Learning/Data
Task Model/Perception/Variety
Self Model/Reasoning/Commonsense
User Model/Interaction/Episodic Memory
World Model/Knowledge/Legal Trust
Tool + ++ + + +
Assistant ++ +++ +++ ++ ++
Collaborator +++ +++ +++ ++++ +++
Coach ++++ ++++ ++++ +++++ +++++
Mediator +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++ +++++++
tool assistant collaborator coach mediator
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 23
Sample existing courses• AI MOOCs (Next Slide)• Watson Innovation Course• http://crowdtruth.org/course/watson-innovation-course-2016/
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 24
AI MOOCs: Circa 2016
05/03/2023 25
1956 1976 1996 2016 2036 2056
Personal Reflections:The building blocks are getting better
Maine MIT, Verbex, Yale Apple IBM
05/03/2023 26
Come visit IBM Research – Almaden in San Jose, CA USA – monthly
university day!
05/03/2023 © IBM 2015, IBM Upward University Programs Worldwide accelerating regional development
27
Dedication: Douglas C. EngelbartFather of the mouse and augmentation theory
05/03/2023 28
Remember, this stuff is still really hard…
© IBM UPWard 2016
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 29
Cognitive Science, a young field• Society
• cognitivesciencesociety.org
• People• Founders: Roger Schank, Donald Norman,
Allan Collins• Others: David Rumelhart, Herbert Simon,
Allen Newell• Today: Patrick Langley, Wayne Gray, Kenneth
Forbus, Ashok Goel, Paul Maglio, etc.
• Systems Conference• cogsys.org• (JCS wishes this was part of HICSS)
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 30
Advances in Cognitive Systems - cogsys.org
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 31
Google Search: August 26, 2016
05/03/2023 Understanding Cognitive Systems 32
Work with them?
Recommended