Trichinella spiralis

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

Ooh…PIG

Taenia soliumSarcocystis suihominis

Ooh…PIGTaenia solium

Sarcocystis suihominis

Trichinella spiralis

Trichinella spiralis

• Common name: Trichina worm

• Tissue nematode

• Cause: Trichinosis

Trichinella spiralis

• Trichos – ella – spiralis

• Europe & America ; much less in tropics & Oriental countries

• In India- 1996-punjab

Trichinella spiralis- Habitat

• Mucosa of small intestine of pig, rat, bear , & man

• Striated muscles- Encysted larvae

• No free-living forms

Trichinella spiralis- Morphology

Claspers(Clasping papillae )

Female

Male Larvae

Trichinella spiralis-Morphology

• Thin & pointed anterior half of body?

• Pair of Claspers at posterior end?

• Viviparous?

• Life span?

Trichinella spiralis- Larvae

Trichinella spiralis-Trichinella cyst

Trichinella spiralis-Trichinella cyst

Trichinella spiralis- cyst & larvae

Trichinella spiralis-Trichinella cyst

• Shape?• Formed by?• Why preferentially in

diaphragm,biceps,muscles of jaw,extraocular muscles,neck & lower back?

• Position? Importance?• Fate?

Trichinella spiralis-Life cycle

Trichinella spiralis-Life cycle

Trichinella spiralis-Life cycle

• How many host?• Man?• Infective form?• Mode of infection?• Nurse cell?

Trichinella spiralis-Pathogenesis

• First stage

Trichinella spiralis-Clinical features

• First stage

Trichinella spiralis-Pathogenesis

• Second stage

Trichinella spiralis-Clinical features

• Second stage

Trichinella spiralis-Clinical features

Trichinella spiralis-Pathogenesis

• Final stage

Trichinella spiralis-Clinical features

• Final stage

Trichinella spiralis-Diagnosis

DIRECT INDIRECT

Trichinella spiralis-DiagnosisDIRECT METHODS

Trichinella spiralis-DiagnosisINDIRECT METHODS

• HISTORY• Eating pork 2 weeks earlier• Recent –gasteroenteritis

• BLOOD EXAMINATION• Eosinophilia (20-95%)

Serology

Trichinella spiralis-DiagnosisINDIRECT METHODS

• SEROLOGY• Hypergammaglobinemia-IgE• ELISA-Confirmatory test: TSL-1 secreting

antigens

• Bentonite flocculation test• Latex fixation test

Trichinella spiralis-DiagnosisINDIRECT METHODS

• Bachman intradermal test• 1:5000 or 1:10000 dilution of larval antigen• Wheel-15 to 20 minutes

Trichinella spiralis-DiagnosisINDIRECT METHODS

• Radiological examination-calcified cysts• Molecular methods- PCR

Trichinella spiralis-Treatment

• Mild cases: supportive treatment

Trichinella spiralis-Treatment

• Moderate cases• Albendazole-BID• 8daysOr momendazole

Trichinella spiralis-Treatment

• Severe cases• Add Glucocorticoids-Prednisolone

Trichinella spiralis-Prophylaxis

COOK

kill

Trichinella spiralis-Prophylaxis

No..!

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS- KEY POINTS

• Smallest nematode• Host- optimum & alternative• Viviparous• Infective form• Muscles commoly involved• Pathogenesis & clinical features• Diagnosis & treatment

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