Translation

The Analysis of a TextThe Analysis of a Text

• a translatora translator• a linguist• a literary critic

Reading ST

1. Comprehension

2. Analysis

General reading

close reading

• EncyclopaediasEncyclopaedias• TextbooksTextbooks• Specialist papersSpecialist papers

Description

Function

Words out of contextWords out of context Words in contextWords in context

Chomsky and TTFrom Nida & Taber (1969:33)

Translation theories

• Most TT is: – Product-orientated – focuses the translation– Function-orientated – examines the context

and purpose of the translation– Process-orientated – analyses the psychology

of translation and process

• But usually has elements of all three

Partial theories of translation

• Medium restricted – man or machine?

• Area restricted – specific languages/cultures

• Rank-restricted – word/sentence/text

• Text-type restricted –different genres

• Time-restricted – historical view

• Problem-restricted – specific problems, e.g equivalence

Newmark (1981)

• Semantic / communicative translation at level of:– Transmitter/addressee focus– Culture– Time and origin– Relation to ST– Use of form of SL– Form of TL– Appropriateness– Criterion for evaluation