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1 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Chapter 9Chapter 9
Organizing For
Total Quality Management:
Structure And Teams
2 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Organization
The process of creating a structure for the organization that will enable its people to work together effectively toward its objective. Thus the process recognize a structure as well as a behavioral or “people” dimension.
3 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Why Adopt TQ Philosophy?
• Reaction to competitive threat to profitable survival
• An opportunity to improve
4 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Selling the TQ Concept
1. Learn to think like top executives
2. Position quality as a way to address priorities of stakeholders
3. Align objectives with those of senior management
4. Make arguments quantitative
5. Make the first pitch to someone likely to be sympathetic
6. Focus on getting an early win, even if it is small
7. Ensure that efforts won’t be undercut by corporate accounting principles
8. Develop allies, both internal and external
9. Develop metrics for return on quality
10. Never stop selling quality
5 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Corporate Culture and Change
• Corporate culture is a company’s value system and its collection of guiding principles
• Cultural values often seen in mission and vision statements
• Culture reflected by management policies and actions
6 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Baldrige Core Values and Concepts
• Visionary leadership • Customer-driven excellence• Organizational and
personal learning• Valuing employees and
partners• Agility• Managing for innovation
• Focus on the future
• Management by fact
• Public responsibility and citizenship
• Focus on results and creating value
• Systems perspective
7 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
TQ vs. Traditional Management
• Organizational structures
• Role of people• Definition of quality• Goals and objectives• Knowledge• Management systems• Reward systems• Management’s role
• Union-management relations
• Teamwork• Supplier relationships• Control• Customers• Responsibility• Motivation• Competition
8 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Cultural Change
• Change can be accomplished, but it is difficult
• Imposed change will be resisted
• Full cooperation, commitment, and participation by all levels of management is essential
• Change takes time
• You might not get positive results at first
• Change might go in unintended directions
9 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Common Mistakes in TQ Implementation (1 of 3)
• TQ regarded as a “program”• Short-term results are not obtained• Process not driven by focus on customer,
connection to strategic business issues, and support from senior management
• Structural elements block change• Goals set too low• “Command and control” organizational culture
10 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Common Mistakes in TQ Implementation (2 of 3)
• Training not properly addressed• Focus on products, not processes• Little real empowerment is given• Organization too successful and complacent• Organization fails to address fundamental
questions• Senior management not personally and visibly
committed
11 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Common Mistakes in TQ Implementation (3 of 3)
• Overemphasis on teams for cross-functional problems
• Employees operate under belief that more data are always desirable
• Management fails to recognize that quality improvement is personal responsibility
• Organization does not see itself as collection of interrelated processes
12 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Building on Best Practices
• Universal best practices– Cycle time analysis
– Process value analysis
– Process simplification
– Strategic planning
– Formal supplier certification programs
13 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Best Practices: Infrastructure Design (1 of 3)
• Low performers– process management fundamentals
– customer response
– training and teamwork
– benchmarking competitors
– cost reduction
– rewards for teamwork and quality
14 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Best Practices: Infrastructure Design (2 of 3)
• Medium performers– use customer input and market research
– select suppliers by quality
– flexibility and cycle time reduction
– compensation tied to quality and teamwork
15 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Top
Mgmt.
Middle
Mgmt.
Front-line supervisor.
Functional
Mgmt.
Employees
Customer
Employees
Front-line supervisor
Functional Mgmt.
Middle Mgmt.
Top
Mgmt.
Quality Circles
QualityImprovement Teams
Cross Functional Teams
Steering Committees
Quality
Council
16 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Firm infrastructureHuman Resource Management
Technology Developmentprocurement
In bound logistics operations
Sales Force Administration
Sales Force Operations
Service
Margin
Margin
Marketing management
Service
advertisingSales Force administration
Sales forces operations
Technical literature
Promotion
17 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Technical Skills
People
dimension
ActivitiesMoney
Human
Resources
Machines
Technology
Inputoutput
Objective
18 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Best Practices: Infrastructure Design (3 of 3)
• High performers– self-managed and cross-functional teams
– strategic partnerships
– benchmarking world-class companies
– senior management compensation tied to quality
– rapid response
19 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Self Assessment: Basic Elements
• Management involvement and leadership• Product and process design• Product control• Customer and supplier communications• Quality improvement• Employee participation• Education and training• Quality information
20 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Implementing Total Quality:Key Players
• Senior management
• Middle management
• Workforce
21 THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, © 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM
Sustaining the Quality Organization• View quality as a journey (“Race without a finish
line”)• Recognize that success takes time• Create a “learning organization”
– Planning– Execution of plans– Assessment of progress– Revision of plans based on assessment findings
• Use Baldrige assessment and feedback• Share internal best practices (internal benchmarking)
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