Towards Revolution

CH 5: Toward Independence

When is it necessary for citizens to rebel against their government?

What is happening in this picture? How might this be related to the topic of this chapter?

Introduction

Read pg. 87 and then answer the questions below.

1. What news were Patriots waiting for?2. What are Loyalists?3. Why did Great Britain tax the colonies?

Before 1763

1610 1620 1630 1650 1670 1690 1700 1720 1740 17500

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

3,800 4,1004,600

50,400 111,900210,400

250,900466,200

905,600

1,170,800

Population in the Colonies

What brought the colonists?

Cheap landReligious ToleranceEconomic OpportunitySelf-government!

Colonial Assemblies

• Each colony elected its own assembly.

• Assemblies had the power to:– Pass laws– Create taxes– Decide how to spend tax money

• Americans had more freedom to run their own affairs than ordinary people in any country in Europe!

Ohio Valley Conflict

1754: French build Fort Duquesne in the Ohio Valley (modern day Pittsburgh)

1754: Washington and his men open fire on a French scouting party in the Ohio Valley.

This event begins the French & Indian War.

Virginia militia led by, 22 yr. old volunteer, George Washington

French & Indian War Struggle between France and

Great Britain for territory and power.

American Indians side with French.

Lasted 7 years 1759: British troops capture

Canada 1763: Britain & France sign

peace treaty France cedes (gives) Canada to

England.

Early British Actions in the Colonies

One historian wrote:“he was very stupid, really stupid.”

Known for being proud & stubborn.

Determined to take charge of the colonies. King George III crowned in 1760

Early British Actions in the ColoniesLaw

What did this require colonists to

do?

How did some colonists protest this

law?

How did the British government react to

those protests?

Proclamation of 1763

Colonists could only settle land east of the Appalachian Mountains.

Stamp Act 1765

Quartering Act 1765

Early British Actions in the ColoniesLaw

What did this require colonists to

do?

How did some colonists protest this

law?

How did the British government react to

those protests?

Proclamation of 1763

Colonists could only settle land east of the Appalachian Mountains.

Colonists argued in letters and articles that it was tyranny, and unjust use of government power.

Stamp Act 1765

Quartering Act 1765

Early British Actions in the ColoniesLaw

What did this require colonists to

do?

How did some colonists protest this

law?

How did the British government react to

those protests?

Proclamation of 1763

Colonists could only settle land east of the Appalachian Mountains.

Colonists argued in letters and articles that it was tyranny, and unjust use of government power.

The British government ignored colonists’ complaints and sent more troops to the colonies.

Stamp Act 1765

Quartering Act 1765

Early British Actions in the ColoniesLaw

What did this require colonists to

do?

How did some colonists protest this

law?

How did the British government react to

those protests?

Proclamation of 1763

Colonists could only settle land east of the Appalachian Mountains.

Colonists argued in letters and articles that it was tyranny, and unjust use of government power.

The British government ignored colonists’ complaints and sent more troops to the colonies.

Stamp Act 1765

Colonists had to buy a stamp for any paper they used, including newspapers and cards.

Quartering Act 1765

Early British Actions in the ColoniesLaw

What did this require colonists to

do?

How did some colonists protest this

law?

How did the British government react to

those protests?

Proclamation of 1763

Colonists could only settle land east of the Appalachian Mountains.

Colonists argued in letters and articles that it was tyranny, and unjust use of government power.

The British government ignored colonists’ complaints and sent more troops to the colonies.

Stamp Act 1765

Colonists had to buy a stamp for any paper they used, including newspapers and cards.

Colonists sent messages to Parliament, refused to buy stamps, and attacked tax collectors.

Quartering Act 1765

Early British Actions in the ColoniesLaw

What did this require colonists to

do?

How did some colonists protest this

law?

How did the British government react to

those protests?

Proclamation of 1763

Colonists could only settle land east of the Appalachian Mountains.

Colonists argued in letters and articles that it was tyranny, and unjust use of government power.

The British government ignored colonists’ complaints and sent more troops to the colonies.

Stamp Act 1765

Colonists had to buy a stamp for any paper they used, including newspapers and cards.

Colonists sent messages to Parliament, refused to buy stamps, and attacked tax collectors.

The British government repealed the Stamp Act.

Quartering Act 1765

Early British Actions in the ColoniesLaw

What did this require colonists to

do?

How did some colonists protest this

law?

How did the British government react to

those protests?

Proclamation of 1763

Colonists could only settle land east of the Appalachian Mountains.

Colonists argued in letters and articles that it was tyranny, and unjust use of government power.

The British government ignored colonists’ complaints and sent more troops to the colonies.

Stamp Act 1765

Colonists had to buy a stamp for any paper they used, including newspapers and cards.

Colonists sent messages to Parliament, refused to buy stamps, and attacked tax collectors.

The British government repealed the Stamp Act.

Quartering Act 1765

Colonial assemblies had to provide housing and supplies for British troops.

Early British Actions in the ColoniesLaw

What did this require colonists to

do?

How did some colonists protest this

law?

How did the British government react to

those protests?

Proclamation of 1763

Colonists could only settle land east of the Appalachian Mountains.

Colonists argued in letters and articles that it was tyranny, and unjust use of government power.

The British government ignored colonists’ complaints and sent more troops to the colonies.

Stamp Act 1765

Colonists had to buy a stamp for any paper they used, including newspapers and cards.

Colonists sent messages to Parliament, refused to buy stamps, and attacked tax collectors.

The British government repealed the Stamp Act.

Quartering Act 1765

Colonial assemblies had to provide housing and supplies for British troops.

New York’s assembly refused to give funds for some supplies.

Early British Actions in the ColoniesLaw

What did this require colonists to

do?

How did some colonists protest this

law?

How did the British government react to

those protests?

Proclamation of 1763

Colonists could only settle land east of the Appalachian Mountains.

Colonists argued in letters and articles that it was tyranny, and unjust use of government power.

The British government ignored colonists’ complaints and sent more troops to the colonies.

Stamp Act 1765

Colonists had to buy a stamp for any paper they used, including newspapers and cards.

Colonists sent messages to Parliament, refused to buy stamps, and attacked tax collectors.

The British government repealed the Stamp Act.

Quartering Act 1765

Colonial assemblies had to provide housing and supplies for British troops.

New York’s assembly refused to give funds for some supplies.

The British government refused to allow the New York assembly to meet until it complied with the law.

Early British Actions in the Colonies

Colonial Law Arguments Law For Against

Proclamation of 1763

If colonists move west of the Appalachian Mountains, Indians will attack them.

Stamp Act 1765

Quartering Act 1765

Colonial Law Arguments Law For Against

Proclamation of 1763

If colonists move west of the Appalachian Mountains, Indians will attack them.

The only new land available for settlement is on the other side of the Appalachians.

Stamp Act 1765

Quartering Act 1765

Colonial Law Arguments Law For Against

Proclamation of 1763

If colonists move west of the Appalachian Mountains, Indians will attack them.

The only new land available for settlement is on the other side of the Appalachians.

Stamp Act 1765

The colonists pay few taxes compared to other British citizens. It is time for them to pay their fair share for the French and Indian War.

Quartering Act 1765

Colonial Law Arguments Law For Against

Proclamation of 1763

If colonists move west of the Appalachian Mountains, Indians will attack them.

The only new land available for settlement is on the other side of the Appalachians.

Stamp Act 1765

The colonists pay few taxes compared to other British citizens. It is time for them to pay their fair share for the French and Indian War.

No taxation without representation! You have no right to tax us without our consent.

Quartering Act 1765

Colonial Law Arguments Law For Against

Proclamation of 1763

If colonists move west of the Appalachian Mountains, Indians will attack them.

The only new land available for settlement is on the other side of the Appalachians.

Stamp Act 1765

The colonists pay few taxes compared to other British citizens. It is time for them to pay their fair share for the French and Indian War.

No taxation without representation! You have no right to tax us without our consent.

Quartering Act 1765

The soldiers are here to protect the colonies from foreign attack, so colonists should help pay for them!

Colonial Law Arguments Law For Against

Proclamation of 1763

If colonists move west of the Appalachian Mountains, Indians will attack them.

The only new land available for settlement is on the other side of the Appalachians.

Stamp Act 1765

The colonists pay few taxes compared to other British citizens. It is time for them to pay their fair share for the French and Indian War.

No taxation without representation! You have no right to tax us without our consent.

Quartering Act 1765

The soldiers are here to protect the colonies from foreign attack, so colonists should help pay for them!

The soldiers take up space and do nothing in return. Why should we pay for them?

Boston Massacre

Who?What?Where? When?Why?

Noisy mob & soldiersSnowballs, rocks, panic,

bloody messBoston Customs HouseMarch 5, 1770Massacre or self

defense?Did it change anything?The Boston Massacre did not cause new protests against the British government, and the repeal of the Townshend Acts led to a period of calm in the colonies.

The Tea Act

• Where did tea come from?• Attempt to rescue the British East India

Company• Gave B.E.I.C. a monopoly (complete control)• Tea Act lowered the cost of tea. • Even taxed tea was cheaper than smuggled

tea.

The Tea Act

For• It will lower the cost of tea

in the colonies. • It will keep the British East

India Company from going bankrupt.

Against• Still another type of tax.• Put other tea merchants out

of work.• It will create a monopoly of

the tea trade. • It will cause colonists to

worry that the British government will try to control other trades.

The Boston Tea Party

The British Response

Lord NorthPrime Minister of England

(1770-1782)

“I tried to help the colonists. I gave them cheap tea!

And what did they do?

They threw it into the sea!

This time they have gone too far.”

The issue is no longer about taxes. Now it is about Great Britain’s control over the colonies.

The Intolerable ActsActions of the Intolerable Acts How might this hurt you?

Closed Boston Harbor to shipping.

The British government now controlled the government in Massachusetts.A British soldier accused of murder would have his trial in England, not the colonies.More soldiers were sent to Boston to make sure colonists followed the laws.

The Intolerable ActsActions of the Intolerable Acts How might this hurt you?

Closed Boston Harbor to shipping. My business may lose money.

The British government now controlled the government in Massachusetts.A British soldier accused of murder would have his trial in England, not the colonies.More soldiers were sent to Boston to make sure colonists followed the laws.

The Intolerable ActsActions of the Intolerable Acts How might this hurt you?

Closed Boston Harbor to shipping. My business may lose money.

The British government now controlled the government in Massachusetts.

I have less say in my government than before. I can’t even gather with other colonists at town meetings without the governor’s permission.

A British soldier accused of murder would have his trial in England, not the colonies.More soldiers were sent to Boston to make sure colonists followed the laws.

The Intolerable ActsActions of the Intolerable Acts How might this hurt you?

Closed Boston Harbor to shipping. My business may lose money.

The British government now controlled the government in Massachusetts.

I have less say in my government than before. I can’t even gather with other colonists at town meetings without the governor’s permission.

A British soldier accused of murder would have his trial in England, not the colonies.

People in England will not understand all the circumstances of the trial and will probably take the soldier’s side. This might make it easier for soldiers to get away with murder.

More soldiers were sent to Boston to make sure colonists followed the laws.

The Intolerable ActsActions of the Intolerable Acts How might this hurt you?

Closed Boston Harbor to shipping. My business may lose money.

The British government now controlled the government in Massachusetts.

I have less say in my government than before. I can’t even gather with other colonists at town meetings without the governor’s permission.

A British soldier accused of murder would have his trial in England, not the colonies.

People in England will not understand all the circumstances of the trial and will probably take the soldier’s side. This might make it easier for soldiers to get away with murder.

More soldiers were sent to Boston to make sure colonists followed the laws.

More freedoms will be taken from us as the British government uses more force.

The Colonies Unite

Boston Patriots“Sons of Liberty”

“We will abandon our city to flames before paying a penny for lost tea!”

Other colonies rush to support the Bostonians.

Virginia declares:“An attack made on one of our sister colonies is an attack made on all of British America.”

Colonists Take Action• Merchants in other colonies closed their shops to oppose treatment of colonists in Massachusetts. • Virginians called for a meeting of delegates

from all the colonies to find a solution.• Towns and cities begin organizing their

militias to prepare for a fight. • Patrick Henry urges colonists to start thinking

of themselves as one people: AMERICANS

Lexington and Concord

THE SHOT HEARD ‘ROUND THE WORLD

Paul Revere and others warn colonists of the British approach.

British troops continue to Concord.

British soldiers search for weapons and gunpowder in Concord.

Colonists attack British soldiers on the retreat to Boston.

And thus began:

The American Revolution