theory course - beekeeping techniques and legislation

beekeeping technique andlegislation on beekeeping

Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2016 1

Where can we place the bee colony?

Skrop in Niedersachen Germany

chunk hive, hollowed-outlogs , ?

earthenware pipe Marroko

Hive - back opening(Hinterbehandlungsbeute)

• You need a beehouse

• Migratory beekeeping difficult

• Hive management difficult

• You can work with the colonies while

you‘re sitting

• Good honey quality

Trough hive

• Require a shelter

• Migratory beekeeping difficult

• To work at the hive by sitting is

possible

• Rarely used frames

(Freudensteiner ect.)

• Perhaps two frame dimensions

Warrébeute

Natural honeycomb

Control of the brood frames is

difficult.

Partly with glass window, so you

can control the colony without

opening the hive.

Top Bar Hive

• Natural honeycomb

• Migratory beekeeping not possible

• Honey harvesting without an

extractor

Magazine hive

• Parts of the magazine hive

The different parts are stacked

one on top of the other and

can be taken apart at any

The bottom board• The bee-tight mesh is open the

whole year which allows the flow of air and humidity. Mould in the honeycomb can be avoided this way.

• The open mesh bottom can also be useful to detect death varroa-mites, which can help to assess the effectiveness of varroa treatment.

• A gate, a wedge, a grid or a foam plastic can be used to regulate (narrow) the entrance.

drawerTheoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 8

The magazine• In the magazine you hang the

frames• Important: compliance of the

beespace!

The coverinner cover

inner cover with bee escape

outer coverIron sheet covers

Important accessories

queen excluderseperates brood chamber from honey supers

intermediated bottomdivide the colony for a short time and prevent the colonyfrom swarming.

Double or single brood chamber?

• double brood chamber

• single brood chamber

broodchamber 1

broodchamber 2

broodchamber

honey super

honey super 1

honey super 2

Differences between single and double brood chamber

Single brood chamber

Double brood chamber

Wax exchange complex easy, just but a magazine away.

Swarm management max. 10 frames must be controlled

Frames with brood in two magazine must be controlled

frames You need two frames Only one frame

distribution Semi- and professional beekeeper

Hobby beekeeper

nucleus Only frames from the brood chamber

Frames from all magazines

Queen excluder obligatory Without also possibleVarroatreatment effective problematic

Location of the hivesImportant criteria:Avoid apiary locations in heavily shaded woods or in a damp bottom land since excess moisture and less sunshine retard the flight of the bees and encourage development of diseases.

The apiary is best situated near natural wind protection such as hills, buildings, or evergreens. Other requirements are dry ground and good air drainage.

Hold 10 meter distance to the neighbour! Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 14

Establish the hives 30 cm abovethe ground

Frame dimension

• In middle europe we know over 70 frames dimensions.

• Use only the frames that are commonly used in Luxembourg. DN, Zander, Dadant, Langstroth and some with Alberti frames for the hive back opening.

• For a beginner it is easier to start with the same hive and frame type, like his mentor or the members of the beekeeper association.

Beekeeping basics

• Work correct with your bees (good beekeeping practices)

• Ban chemical aids

Those drugs have got no to be used

Use only the smoker! (when you need him)

Beekeeping basicsWhat you need

• Hive tool

• Bee brush

• Smoker

• Bee veil and gloves

• Water sprayer

Autumn management

• Get with strong colonies in winter• Feed them correct• Defeat the varroa with authorized drugs

Avoidance of arrears in wax and honey

Spring management• Work only with strong

colonies• Unite weak colonies• Winter food has to be

removed before the cherry bloom

Honey super

• Give the honey supper not before the colonie needs the space.

• Open the entrance wide. Good ventilation is necessary.

• Keep the colonies strong.

• Use a queen excluder. You know always where the honey is. You must

not control the frames if there is brood or not.

Queen excluder Bee escape

Honey super

• Arrange honey super not with brood frames.

• Use tidy frames.

Honey super

Honey harvesting• Control the water content at the beehive! Use a refractometer!

Honey harvesting• Harvest only capped honey frames

Honey quality =water content

lower water content causes:

• higher amount of enzyms

• better taste

Extracting the honey

• You need a room which is tidy, no mould, off odours, tiling floor and tiling

walls and running water (hot and cold).

• Good hygiene practice in food processing is important.

Honey extractor

• Extractor

• Uncapping set

• Uncapping fork

• Strainer

• Buckets

Honey processing

• Honey tank

• Up and down creamer

• Honey creamer for

electric drill

• Honey creamer

Beewax clarifying and desinfection

Accruing wax must be melted:

• Old brood frames

• Uncapping wax

• drone frames

Beewax

steam wax melterSolar wax extractor

Foundation

• Exchange by a beekeeping supplies

• Own foundation pouring mould

• Exchange your own wax by Geoges Gidt(only

for members of the FUAL)

Cost for beginners• About 1600,- € for the initial fitting-out

• You don‘t have to buy everything in the first year.

• e.g. the honey extractor and the solar wax melter you can buy in the second year.

Cost for the fitting-outWorking equipment: Smoker ca. 50,00€

Hive tool ca. 10,00€Bee brush ca. 10,00€bee veil ca. 40,00€

Electric wax embedder ca. 60,00€

ca. 170,00€

Cost per colony: Bee hive ca.100,00 €Bee colony ca. 60,00 bis 150,00 €Queen excluder ca. 10,00 €Hive strap ca. 10,00 €

2 kg Wax foundation ca. 30,00 €20 kg Sugar ca. 10,00 €

Varroa treatment ca. 10,00 €

ca. 290,00 €

To harvest honey: Honey extractor ca. 600,00 €Uncapping set ca. 130,00 €Strainer ca. 60,00 €Plastic busket ca. 30,00 €

ca. 820,00 €

For the wax hygiene: Solar wax melter ca. 150,00 € ca. 150,00 €

purchase next year

Time you need for beekeeping

• Depends on the nummer of colonies;

• About 1h/colony/week;

• Different distrubution in the year, from April to August is the busiest time; in January, February, March, November und December beekeepers can relax;

• At the beginning everything takes longer;

• Crucial is the location of the apiary;

. Legislation on beekeepingSee also: apis.lu.

• Law on agriculture

• Registration by the verterinary office.

• Règlement grand-ducal du 7 juillet 2003 relatif au miel.

• Règlement grand-ducal du 21 juillet 2012 portant création de la Marque nationale du miel.

• Loi du 18 avril 2008 concernant le renouvellement du soutien au développement rural.

• Richtlinien für den biologischen Landbau der „Verenegung fir biologesche Landbau Letzebuerg asbl“ (bioLABEL)

• Demeter Richtlinien für Bienenhaltung und Imkereierzeugnisse im Sinne biologisch-dynamischer Wirtschaftsweise

Eligible investments• List of eligible investments at a rate of 30%

• Farm buildings (e.g. apiary, beehive stand, beehive, centrifuge and storage space);

• Facilities for the processing of wax (e.g. wax melter, foundation press);

• Facilities for the harvest and preparation of the honey (e.g. centrifuge, uncapping tool, honey filter, honey bucket, stirrer, honey defroster, bottling tool).

• List of eligible investments at a rate of 20%

• Dehumidifier;

• Breeding facilities (e.g. mini-hive, insemination box, brood chamber, insemination device).

• Further details and application forms are available from the ASTA:

• Administration des Services techniques de l’Agriculture (ASTA)

• 16, route d’Esch B.P. 1904, L-1019 Luxemburg

• (Tel. 45 71 72-314, -315 or -327)

• The completed forms and the construction plans (applications for an apiary or a centrifuge) should be sent to the above-mentioned administration. The bills and the corresponding payment documents have to be submitted for the deduction and the payoff of the grant. The following items are not eligible for government aid: bee colonies, used beehives, foundations, protective gear, smoker, chisel.

beekeeper magazine

local beekeeper association!

• Contact person , help by problemes

• Informationen from colleagues

• Mentors

• Exchange of information

• Exchange of queens/colonies

Merci fir d‘Nalauschteren

Bee hives commonly used for beekeeping in Luxembourg

Trough hive Warréhive

Top Bar hive

Hive back opening

Magazine hive

Divided brood nest no no no yes z.T. yes

Brood nest controll yes yes yes yes yes

Honey harvest yes yes yes yes yes

Free location no yes yes no yes

Easy learning beekeeping

yes no no yes yes

Varroa treatment yes yes yes yes yes

The beespace

Larve space=space filledwith comb

Small space=space sealedwith propolis

Bee space=spacerespected

Styrodur or Wood -hive?

Styrodurhive Woodhive

Wight lower higher

Amount of winterfood lower higher

Watercontent in honey lower higher

Strength of colonies same same

Varroatreatment same same

Self-building no yes

Durability of hives same same

Schwarmlust same same

Clean frames with caustic soda

Boil them in 3% caustic sode , for about 5 min. afterwords good wateringTheoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 46

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