The Philippines under Spanish rule

THE PHILIPPINES

UNDER SPANISH RULE …

(1600-1800)

REASONS FOR

SPANISH

COLONIZATIONS

"KING CHARLES I"- decided to send an expedition

to the MOLUCCAS, his purposes was primarily

commercial.

Spices - commanded high prices during that time, so trade in spices was very

profitable.

Spice Islands - was the primarily aim of King

Charles that’s why they send an expedition to Asia.

Spanish Claim - to the archipelago was sealed based on two reasons.

Spanish cla

imed the

Philippines b

y;

* RIGHT OF

DISCOVERY

*RIGHT OF ACTUAL

OCCUPATION

*CROWN COLONY

POLITICAL CHANGES

As a crown colony,the Philippines was administered by the council of indies.Even so,the Spanish off icials were appointed by the king of Spain, who issued Royal orders and decrees dealing with the proper administration of the colony.In 1863,the Philippines,as a colony was placed under the jurisdiction of the MINISTRY OF THE COLONIES OR OVERSEAS MINISTRIES(MINISTERIO DE ULTRAMAR).

In order to make the administration of the Philippines eff icient, the Overseas Ministry was advised and aided in its work by the council of Indies.

Laws of the Indies La Novisima Recopilacion Leyes de Toro Siete PartidasThe Spanish colonizers a highly centralized from the government.

The central government was headed by the govrnor, captain- general, or governor-general, who was appointed by King og Spain.

The Central Government

Executive- Judicial

There was no legislature or congress because the Laws of the Philippines were made by the Spaniards in Spain.

Two branches of government:

AUDIENCIA VICE ROYAL

COMMANDER IN CHIEF

CUMPLASE

THE AUDIENCIAThe judicial powers of the government were exercised by the audiencia and the lower courts.The Audiencia was established in the Philippines in 1583 to administer justice to the aggrieved people in the colony.Gov.Santiago de Vera was its first president.The Audiencia was the highest court insofar as civil and criminal cases were concerned.Moreover,political and administrative matters were brought before the Audiencia by the governor.In the absence of the governor,the Audiencia exercised political and administrative powers.It also audited the finances of the government.

Pacified provincesAlcalde mayorIndulto de comercioGobernadorcillo(capitan municipal/capitan or

little governor)Cabeza de barangaySpanish friar-curate

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

TWO CITIES(during the first century of Spanish Rule): Cebu and Manila

By the seventeenth century,the Philippines has six cities: Cebu,Manila,Vigan,Nueva Segovia,Arevalo,And Nueva Caceres

Ayuntamiento-alcaldes-twelve regidores-chief of police,city secretary.

CabezaPrincipalia

"THE CITY AND ITS GOVERNMENT"

PROPA

GATING

CATHOLIC

FAITH

Augustinian order

Franciscan missionaries(1577)

Jesuits(1581)

Dominican(1587)

Recollect missionaries(16

06)

THE UNION OF CHURCH AND STATE

Church Officials/Governor-generals*Archbishop Francisco de la Cuesta*Bishop Juan Arrechederra*Bishop Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta*Archbishop Manuel Rojo

The Church Organization

To administer the parishes efficiently,the Catholic Church was divided into districts.In turn,each district was divided into parishes and missions.

District-represented geographic regions that had diff.dialects or languages.Parishes-represented villagesMissions-represented areas and regions that were not yet conquered and converted to Catholicism.

1578-Manila became a dioceseFather Domingo de Salazar-the first bishop of Manila.Father Ignacio Santibanez-the first Archbishop.

Notary and other

official

Vicar general

Archbishop

Ecclesiastical Court

The InquisitionThe inquisition was an ecclesiastical off ice,whose duty was to search for heretics and those guilty of preaching or practicing religious doctrines that were contrary to that of the Catholic Church.

Xylography-the first printing press introduced by the Spanish.

The first books printed through yxlography were the Christian doctrine in Tagalog and in Chinese in 1593.

Father Francisco de San Jose or Blancas de San Jose- he introduced the movable type of printing or typography.

The Introduction of Printing

Residencia-was the public investigation and trial of outgoing colonial officials in order to ascertain whether they had committed abuses in the performance of their duties.

Vista-was a secret investigation of an official’s conduct as a public servant.

Governor-General Sebastian Hurtado de Corcuera

THE RESIDENCIA AND THE VISTA

The Plaza ComplexThe Plaza complex can best illustrate this politico-religious structure of the colonial government of the country under Spain.The houses of the natives were situated around a plaza or town center to bring them close to the church,the convent,the municipio,the marketplace and the cemetery.This setup allowed the Spaniards to eff ectively administer and control the natives.The church easily regulated the activities to the natives,whose residences were under the peal of bells or bajo de las campanas.

ECONOMIC

CHANGES

Encomendero-the man who received the

favor(land/encomienda)THREE KINDS OF ENCOMIENDA:Royal EncomiendaEcclesiastical EncomiendaPrivate Encomienda

THE ENCOMIENDA

1. That the Filipinos to be drafted for work must be paid for their work

2. That the Filipino laborers should not be made to work in distant places where they could not return to their families

3. That the drafting of laborers should not coincide with the planting and harvest seasons

4. That men who are physically incapable should not be overworked

5. That forced labor should be resorted to only in cases of absolute necessity

6. That the number of laborers drafted should be diminished as soon as laborers from other countries had volunteered to work

Forced Labor/Polo Y Servicio

" The Tribute "

•The tribute was a form of recognition of the Filipino’s loyalty to the King of Spain.

Sanctorum-small portion of tribute went to the Church

Cedula personal – present equivalent of the residence certificate class “A”.

DIEZMOS PREDIALES-a tax which consisted of one-tenth of the produce of the land

DONATIVO de ZAMBOANGA-specifically used for the conquest of Jolo.

VINTA-tax paid by the people of some provinces along the coast of Western Luzon for the defense of the coasts from Muslim pirates.

TAXES

• Trade across the Pacific./Manila-Acapulco Trade

• The galleon trade was so restrictive that the prosperity of the Spaniards in Manila depended solely on the success of the voyage to and from Mexico.

• In 1811 -government’s monopoly of the galleon trade came to an end.

THE GALLEON TRADE

THE MEXICAN SUBSIDY:

Annual subsidy/situado-subsidy sent by the Mexican government to prevent the bankruptcy of the Philippines.This subsidy amounted to 250,000 pesos.

ECONOMIC SOCIETY OF FRIENDS OF THE COUNTRY

The society was divided into sections: (1)factories and manufacturers,(2)industry and popular education,(3)natural history,(4)domestic and foreign commerce,(5)agriculture and rural economy.

In 1784,the society was able to export indigo for the first time in Philippine history.

In 1824,the society also founded the Academy of Drawing in Manila

In 1861,the society founded an agricultural school in Manila.

THE ECONOMIC SOCIETY

TOBACCO MONOPOLY-The most important government monopoly.

THE GOVERNMENT MONOPOLIES

The cultivation of tobacco was prohibited except for the provinces selected to grow it;

Contraband sale of tobacco was forbidden;The government had the exclusive right to

purchase all tobacco products,to inspect and classify the tobacco plant,and to prepare and manufacture cigar and cigarettes

The government had the right to prohibit the exportation or importation of tobacco by any agency not connected with the government.

Provisions :

The government also had other

monopolies such as w

ine and

liquor,gunpowder,playing

cards,and buyo or anise.

THE ROYAL COMPANY- Governor's Basco's administration was

also highlighted by the Establishment of the ROYAL COMPANY OF THE PHILIPPINES IN 1985.

DEVELOP THE NATURAL RESOURCES

PROGRESS

AIMS

The Spanish merchants in the Phil.,who had been accustomed to the profitable galleon trade,did not cooperate wholeheartedly to the Company;

The company was not able to establish direct commercial contact with Japan,China and India,so it had to buy commodities from these countries through the manila merchants,resulting in paying higher prices for those commodities than in the country where they came from.

The company was not well managedForeign vessels instead the Company’s vessels

brought to manila such items as groceries,canned goods etc.,,,

CAUSES OF THE FAILURE OF THE COMPANY

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:AN OVERVIEW

First:Most Spanish officials were lazy, incompetent

and inefficient

Second: There were frequent quarrels among the

Spaniards themselves

Factors accounted for the slow development of the Philippine economy

Submitted by:

Gina MinaJulie Ann N. Salomeo

Submitted to:Mr. Andres P. Bonifacio