The Cheatability Factor (2009)

The Cheatability Factor

Jared Stein

Cheating?

Photo by Travis Begay, http://flickr.com/photos/5tein/tags/cheatability/

Prevalent?

Photo by Alex Southgate, http://flickr.com/photos/southgate/154386139/

•Most faculty unaware

•75% of students admit it

•95% undetected

Dick, M., Sheard, J., Bareiss, C., Carter, J., Joyce, D., Harding, T., & Laxer, C. (2003, June). Addressing student cheating: definitions and solutions. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 35(2), 172-184.

Kaczmarczyk, L. (2001). Accreditation and student assessment in distance education: Why we all need to pay attention. Proc. 6th Conf. on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, Canterbury, UK, 113-116.

Why?

Photo by collective nouns, http://flickr.com/photos/collectivenouns/405141223/

undergrads

U.S. Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) (2002). The Condition of Education.

• % of nontraditional in DE

• Prediliction to cheat increases with age

margin = power / load

Day, M., & James, J. (1984). Margin and the adult learner. MPAEA Journal of Adult Education, 13(1), 1-5.

Easier online?

Photo by Travis Begay, http://flickr.com/photos/5tein/tags/cheatability/

On my watch?

Photo by Travis Begay, http://flickr.com/photos/5tein/tags/cheatability/

Cheatability

3 Affectors

TechnologyCourseDesign

Pedagogy

educational environment

measurable areas• General

• Online exams or quizzes

• Papers or projects

• Other*

http://learningfield.org/cheat/

now what?

rubric

http://learningfield.org/cheat

more stuffflexknowlogy.learningfield.org/pres/cheatability

Marc Hugentoblermarc.hugentobler@uvu.edu

Twitter: diamond_mind

John Krutschjohn.krutsch@uvu.edu

Twitter: johnkrutsch

Jared Steinjared.stein@uvu.edu

Twitter: jstein

ReferencesCallahan, David. (2004). The Cheating Culture: Why more Americans Are Doing Wrong to Get

Ahead. San Diego, CA: A Harvest Book

Caron, M. D., Whitbourne, S. K., and Halgin, R. P. (1992). Fraudulent Excuse Making Among College Students. Teaching of Psychology, 19(2), 90-93.

Center for Academic Integrity - Research. (n.d.). Retrieved July 9, 2005 from http://www.academicintegrity.org/cai_research.asp

Charlesworth, P., D. D. Charlesworth, and C. Vlcia. 2006. Students' perspectives of the influence of web-enhanced coursework on incidences. Journal of Chemical Education 83 (9): 1368-75.

Cizek, Gregory J. (2003). Detecting and Preventing Classroom Cheating: Promoting Integrity in Assessment. Thousand Oaks, CA. Corwin Press, Inc.

Clark, Ruth Colvin, Frank Nguyen, & John Sweller. (2005). Efficiency in Learning: Evidence-Based Guidelines to Manage Cognitive Load. Pfeiffer.

Coates, D., B. R. Humphreys, J. Kane, and M. A. Vachris. 2004. 'No significant distance' between face-to-face and online instruction: evidence from principles of economics. Economics of Education Review 23 (6): 533-546.

Day, M., & James, J. (1984). Margin and the adult learner. MPAEA Journal of Adult Education, 13(1), 1-5.

Dick, M., Sheard, J., Bareiss, C., Carter, J., Joyce, D., Harding, T., & Laxer, C. (2003, June). Addressing student cheating: definitions and solutions. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 35(2), 172-184.

ReferencesGeorge, J., & Carlson, J. (1999, January). Group support systems and deceptive communication.

32nd Hawaii Intl. Conf. on Systems Sciences, 1038.

Hard, S. F., J. M. Conway, and A.C. Moran. 2006. Faculty and college student beliefs about the frequency of student academic misconduct. Journal of Higher Education 77 (6): 1058-80.

Harmon, O. R., and J. Lambrinos. Are online exams an invitation to cheat? Department of Economics Working Paper Series March 2006.

Kaczmarczyk, L. (2001). Accreditation and student assessment in distance education: Why we all need to pay attention. Proc. 6th Conf. on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, Canterbury, UK, 113-116.

Kennedy, K., S. Nowak, R. Raghuraman, J. Thomas, and S. F. Davis. 2000. Academic dishonesty and distance learning: student and faculty views. College Student Journal 34 (2): 309-14

Keith-Spiegel, Patricia & Whitley, Jr. Bernard E. (2002). Academic Dishonesty: An Educator’s Guide. Mahwah, NJ. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

Krutsch, John & Sandy Mills-Alford. (2006). How to Cheat Online: Issues in Academic Honesty. WebCT.

Keyes, Ralph. (2004). The Post-Truth ERA: Dishonesty and Deception in Contemporary Life. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press

Mallon, Thomas. (1991). Stolen Words: The Classic Book on Plagiarism. San Diego, CA: A Harvest

Redd, K. (2007). Data sources: The rise of “older” graduate students. Council of Graduate Schools. Retrieved November 10, 2008 from www.cgsnet.org/portals/0/pdf/DataSources_2007_12.pdf.

ReferencesRowe, N. Cheating in online student assessment: Beyond plagiarism. Online Journal of Distance

Learning Administration, 7(2). [Online]: http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/

U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) (2004). Participation in Adult Education and Life Long Learning 2000-01. nces.ed.gov/pubs2004/2004050.pdf.

U.S. Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) (2002). The Condition of Education. nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2002025.

Part H, Title IV Accrediting Agency Recognition

Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008

“…institutions of higher education offering distance education programs have a process by which [they] establish that a student registered ... is the same student that participates in, completes, and receives credit for the course.

“… expect institutions … to have security mechanisms in place, such as ID numbers … required to be used each time the student participates in class time or coursework on-line. As new ID technologies are developed and become more sophisticated, less expensive and more mainstream… consider their use in the future.

“… do not intend that institutions use or rely on any technology that interferes with the privacy of the student … whichever method the institutions choose to utilize."

www.rules.house.gov