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SUMMARIZATIONWe all require it.
So who is teaching it?
Sean P. Nash - compiled April, 2009
+AGREE or DISAGREE-
• Summarization if one of the nine most effective teaching strategies in the history of education.
• Summarization is restating the essence of text or an experience in as few words as possible or in a new, yet efficient manner.
• Information student take in during a 45 min. lecture rarely makes it to long-term memory.
• Summarization must be taught with an awareness that it is a strategy for making content “stick.”
Do you require students to summarize
within your course?
ASSIGN vs.
TEACH
SUMMARIZATIONis...
“...restating the essence of text or an
experience in as few words as possible or in
a new, yet efficient manner.”
Wormeli, 2005
“...and can be done in writing, orally,
dramatically, artistically, visually, physically,
musically, in groups or individually.”
Wormeli, 2005
WHYall the
ATTENTION?
“Summarization is among the top nine
most effective teaching strategies in the history
of education.”Marzano, 2001
FOUNDWHERE?
“summarizing &
notetaking”Marzano, 2001
“nonlinguisticrepresentations”
Marzano, 2001
“cues, questions & advanced organizers”
Marzano, 2001
“LECTURE”isn’t evil.
...but in 2009, perhaps 45 minute lectures
are.
“CHUNKING”works.
15 minutes of “lecture”followed by an active
summarizationexperience
Souza, 2001
SO WHAT DOES IT
LOOK LIKE?
MANY STRATEGIES:
• ACTIVATE STUDENT’S PERSONAL BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE
• PRIME STUDENT’S BRAINS
• TEACH TEXT STRUCTURE...
Wormeli, 2005
TEACH UNDERLYING TEXT STRUCTURE:
• enumeration
• chronological order
• compare & contrast
• cause & effect
• problem & solution
Wormeli, 2005
*PS- a solid “test taking” strategy as well!
MORE STRATEGIES:
• INTRODUCE STUDENTS TO ANALOGIES
• CHUNK TEXT AND LEARNING EXPERIENCES
• TEACH ACTIVE READING TOOLS
• STRESS SCHOLARLY OBJECTIVITY
• TEACH STUDENTS TO EVALUATE THEIR OWN SUMMARIES
Wormeli, 2005
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