Statistical Analysis Steps

Principles & steps of Statistical Principles & steps of Statistical

Analysis Analysis ا�������� ا������ا����ت و��ا� ا��� ا����ت و��ا� ا�

Dr. Eyas . G . A .RahimDr. Eyas . G . A .RahimDr. Eyas . G . A .RahimDr. Eyas . G . A .Rahim ا�����.د�� � ا��س ��

2/7 /2007

School of Economics

Sharq Elnile University

SudanSudanSudanSudanDr.eyas.gaffar@gmail.com

eyazza2006@yahoo.com

Variables

Estimation

Statistics

Dataا

Time series' data Cross-section data

Quantitative variables

variables

Estimation stage

d=z or t*SE d=z or t*SE

d=z or t* d=z or t* σσ//√√n n � margin of error d� Level of confidence Z or t

� Standard error SE

� Standard deviation σ� Sample size n

� So t w o factors determining t he margin of error are:

�

� 1- Variability � � 2- sample design

variability

Sample size Type of sample

statistics Proportion

ModeFrequency table -cross tabulation

C hi-square -

Graphs

Bar chart Pie chart

statisticsا Mean Standard Deviation

Variance Range correlation coefficient ®determination coefficient (R2

Graphs HistogramNormal curveScatter plot

SPSS

-Z test -T test -F (ANOVA) test-X² test

P.v>α

P.v≤α

Null

Hypothesis

Alternative Hypothesis

Variables

Estimation

Statistics

Testing

Analysis

& Representation

Statistical concepts Statistic use &meaningful

Analysis & Representation

firstlyfirstly secondlysecondly

thirdlythirdly

Cross-section Data analysis is used to

give a parsimonious summary

of patterns of relations between variables in the survey dataset